Browsing by Author "Coppolillo, P"

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Evaluating and managing zoonotic disease risk in rural Tanzania
(University of California, Davis, 2008-11) Clifford, D; Kazwala, D.R; Coppolillo, P
Daily workloads and livelihoods in rural communities depend heavily on the availability of natural resources. When water is scarce, workloads increase, as more distance must be traveled to acquire adequate supply for consumption, hygiene, and livestock. In addition, water limitation brings people, livestock, and wildlife together, increasing contamination of the limited water sources as well as the potential for disease transmission. Nowhere is the risk of waterborne illness and zoonotic disease more important than in the high HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) prevalence regions of East Africa. Assessing the impacts of zoonotic diseases like bovine tuberculosis (BTB) on health, economic livelihoods, and conservation requires a multi-disciplinary approach. Support from the Global Livestock Collaborative Research Support Program (GL-CRSP) is allowing an objective assessment of emerging zoonotic disease on health and livelihoods in pastoral communities within the sensitive Ruaha region of Tanzania. Project research has identified several pathogens including BTB in wildlife and livestock in the Ruaha area, along with low levels of zoonotic disease awareness among the pastoralist communities. Project results will inform management and policy to evaluate water quality for public safety and ecosystem health.
Hard choices: Making trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and human well-being
(Elsevier, 2010-05-18) McShane, Thomas O; Hirsch, Paul D; Trung, Tran C; Songorwa, Alexander N; Kinzig, A; Monteferri, B; Mutekanga, D; Thang, Hoang V; Dammert, Juan L; Pulgar-Vidal, M; Welch-Devine, M; Brosius, J P; Coppolillo, P; O’Connor, S
Win–win solutions that both conserve biodiversity and promote human well-being are difficult to realize. Trade-offs and the hard choices they entail are the norm. Since 2008, the Advancing Conservation in a Social Context (ACSC) research initiative has been investigating the complex trade-offs that exist between human well-being and biodiversity conservation goals, and between conservation and other economic, political and social agendas across multiple scales. Resolving trade-offs is difficult because social prob- lems – of which conservation is one – can be perceived and understood in a variety of disparate ways, influenced (in part at least) by how people are raised and educated, their life experiences, and the options they have faced. Pre-existing assumptions about the ‘‘right” approach to conservation often obscure important differences in both power and understanding, and can limit the success of policy and program- matic interventions. The new conservation debate challenges conservationists to be explicit about losses, costs, and hard choices so they can be openly discussed and honestly negotiated. Not to do so can lead to unrealized expectations, and ultimately to unresolved conflict. This paper explores the background and limitations of win–win approaches to conservation and human well-being, discusses the prospect of approaching conservation challenges in terms of trade-offs and hard choices, and presents a set of guiding principles that can serve to orient strategic analysis and communication regarding trade-offs.