Browsing by Author "Chengula, A"

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Awareness, knowledge and practice of pastoralists and agro- pastoralists towards livestock diseases affecting domestic animals in Arusha, Manyara and Morogoro Regions, Tanzania
(2013) Chengula, A; Mdegela, R.H; Kasanga, C.J
The study was carried out to assess pastoralists and agro-pastoralists awareness, knowledge and practice in various livestock diseases affecting domestic animals in Arusha Manyara and Morogoro regions in Tanzania. Closed- and open-ended questionnaires, focus group discussions and in-depth interview techniques were employed. Diseases, drought, lack of dipping tanks, insufficient of livestock experts and drugs are the main constraints in the livestock keeping community in the study area. Nineteen diseases have been reported to affect their animals at one time or the other. East Coast fever (ECF, 79.7%), Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP, 60.8%) and Trypanosomosis (50%) have been reported by more than 50% of pastoralists that they affect their animals. ECF and CCPP seem to be the leading diseases with great impact to the pastoralists by causing high mortality rates. Rift valley fever (RVF) and anthrax have been reported by majority to be diseases which appear in form of outbreak in their area. Diseases reported here are said to be controlled primarily by treating with various drugs and Oxytetracycline being a common drug of choice for most unknown diseases. Other control methods include vaccination and deworming, dipping and spray of animals using acariceides. Livestock experts have been reported to play little role in controlling common livestock diseases as majority of livestock keepers tends to treat their animals. Veterinary experts seem to be important during outbreak of diseases or for unknown diseases killing many animals. Eating of dead and improperly cooked meat together with un-boiled milk was found to be common in the pastoral community. This could lead to the spread (if any) of zoonotic diseases easily. Livestock keeping community is aware of most of common diseases circulating in their area but the way they practice to control leads to failure of control of those diseases at individual and national level. Devising a mechanism to educate them so that they know how to handle some common and reporting outbreak diseases such as use of trained community animal health workers (CAHWs) will help control livestock diseases in Tanzania.
Detection of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infection by PCR in farmed and wild Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Lake Victoria
(Wiley, 2018-01-02) Mdegela, R; Chengula, A; Wamala, S; Mwega, E; Kasanga, C; Byarugaba, D; Tal, S; Bornstein, B; Dishon, A; Mutoloki, S; David, L; Evensen, O; Munang’andu, H; Mugimba, K. K
Tilapia lake virus disease (TiLVD) has emerged to be an important viral disease of farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) having the potential to impede expansion Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda of aquaculture production. There is a need for rapid diagnostic tools to identify 3 no difference in prevalence between farmed and wild fish infected fish to limit the spread in individual farms. We report the first detection of TiLV infection by PCR in farmed and wild Nile tilapia from Lake Victoria. There was the 442 samples examined from 191 fish, 28 were positive for TiLV by PCR. In terms of tissue distribution, the head kidney (7.69%, N = 65) and spleen (10.99%, N = 191), samples had the highest prevalence (p < .0028) followed by heart samples (3.45%, N = 29). Conversely, the prevalence was low in the liver (0.71%, N = 140) and absent in brain samples (0.0%, N = 17), which have previously been shown to be target organs during acute infections. Phylogenetic analysis showed homology between our sequences and those from recent outbreaks in Israel and Thailand. Correspondence Hetron Mweemba Munang’andu, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway. Email: hetroney. mweemba.munangandu@nmbu.no Given that these findings were based on nucleic acid detection by PCR, future stud- ies should seek to isolate the virus from fish in Lake Victoria and show its ability to cause disease and virulence in susceptible fish.
Poultry ecto-, endo- and haemoparasites in Tanzania: a review
(Austin Publishing Group, 2020) Rukambile, EJ; Chengula, A; Swai, ES; Jongejan, F
Poultry production plays an essential role in food and nutrition security at household level through the provision of eggs and meat and income generation. Ecto-, endo- and haemoparasites occurring in poultry singly or a combination are commonly found in Tanzania and affect poultry sector productivity. At least 27 species of nematodes, one species of trematodes; 13 species of cestodes and seven species of protozoa (only Eimeria spp) reported parasitizing commercial, indigenous chicken, ducks, guinea fowls and pigeons in Tanzania. Several ecto-parasites (fleas, mites, lice, soft and hard ticks) identified and reported in indigenous chickens and pigeons whereas eight species of haemoparasites documented in indigenous chickens, pigeons and guineafowls. Most of the studies conducted in Tanzania skewed toward eastern parts of the country, which makes the use of available reports for determination of poultry parasite profiles and distribution difficult or impossible. This paper reviews the ecto-, endo- and heamoparasite profiles of poultry occurring in Tanzania. This review provides available information and gaps in the occurrence and distribution of the ecto-, endo- and haemoparasites in different types of poultry in Tanzania. The study suggests a broader country survey and frequent surveillances establishing the magnitude of the problem, which is an essential tool in designing control strategies.