Browsing by Author "Chamshama, Shabani A. O."
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Item Coppicing and productivity of two indigenous tree species under different forest management regimes in Tanzania(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Vyamana, Vincent G.; Chamshama, Shabani A. O.; Andrew, Samora M.There is a renewed interest to improve sustainable wood production from African savanna but our knowledge on management of individual tree species to optimize harvesting return times is limited. A factorial experiment was therefore established to assess the effects of stump diameter and height, and coppice thinning on growth and yield of Albizia harveyi Fourn (Ah) and Albizia versicolor Welw ex. Oliver. (Av) in Forest Reserve (FR) and the General Land (GL) at area in Morogoro region, Tanzania. Coppice diameter and height growth was significantly high in Av than Ah; and was highest in stumps cut at 30 cm or 90 cm regardless of tree species. Ah had significantly high average coppicing effectiveness (11.74 coppices per stump) than Av (4.18 coppices per stump) in the FR; but the variation was not significant in the GL. Coppice wood basic density was significantly high in Ah (446.04 ± 0.72 kg m − 3 ) than Av (400.52 ± 0.97 kg m − 3 ). Coppice wood biomass ranged from 3.08 ± 0.02 kg stool − 1 in Ah to 3.45 ± 0.03 kg stool − 1 in Av. Ah produced highest coppice wood biomass in medium diameter stumps cut at 30 cm (3.57 kg stool − 1 ) or 90 cm (3.76 kg stool − 1 ) and large stumps cut at 5 cm (4.55 kg stool − 1 ); and the least biomass in small stumps cut at 5 cm (1.26 kg stool − 1 ). For Av, highest coppice wood biomass values were 6.41 kg stool − 1 for medium diameter stumps cut at 90 cm and 6.20 kg stool − 1 for large stumps cut at 30 cm; and the least was 1.87 kg stool − 1 for small stumps cut at 5 cm. This paper concludes with discussion on the need for further studies on optimal canopy cover and wild fire control strategies under short-rotation coppice silvicultural system; and suitability of multipurpose indigenous trees for simultaneous on-farm production.Item Diversity in fruit and seed morphology of wooden banana ( Entandrophragma bussei Harms ex Engl.) populations in Tanzania(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Andrew, Samora M.; Kombo, Siwa A.; Chamshama, Shabani A. O.Entandrophragma bussei (wooden banana) is a high value indigenous multipurpose tree species prioritized for do- mestication in Tanzania. However, we lack adequate information on genetic and phenotypic variation to support domestication processes, while utilization pressure on the remaining stocks and deforestation are intensified. The study evaluated the diversity in fruit and seed morphology of three wild populations of E. bussei found in three agroecological zones of Tanzania. Data on fruit (length, width, weight and number of seeds per fruit) and seed (length, width and weight) traits were evaluated. To detect differences in means among the populations, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed. There were variations in fruit and seed morphological traits among the studied populations. Ruaha population had significantly higher fruit length (19.31 ± 0.1 cm), width (7.71 ± 0.12 cm) and number of seeds per fruit (22 ± 0.48) than Kigwe (15.65 ± 0.14 cm, 4.85 ± 0.17 cm, 20 ± 0.45), and Tarangire (16.84 ± 0.1 cm, 5.40 ± 0.12 cm, 20 ± 0.37) populations. Ruaha (62.46 ± 1.37 g) and Tarangire (60.71 ± 1.12 g) had significantly heavier fruits than Kigwe (56.53 ± 1.28 g). Kigwe population had significantly higher seed width (1.80 ± 0.01 cm) and weight (0.83 ± 0.01 g) than Ruaha (1.75 ± 0.01 cm, 0.75 ± 0.01 g) and Tarangire (1.65 ± 0.01 cm, 0.77 ± 0.01 g) populations. Among the populations Tarangire had higher seed length (9.60 ± 0.06 cm) than the rest. Overall, there is a considerable fruit and seed morphological diversity among the E. bussei populations offering opportunities for selection of domestication cultivars and gene pool conservation.Item Mixed method approaches to evaluate conservation impact: evidence from decentralized forest management in Tanzania(Foundation for Environmental Conservation, 2014-06-01) Lund, Jens Friis; Burgess, Neil D.; Chamshama, Shabani A. O.; Dons, Klaus; Isango, Jack A.; Kajembe, George C.; Meilby, Henrik; Moyo, Francis; Ngaga, Yonika M.; Ngowi, Stephen E.; Njana, Marco A.; Mwakalukwa, Ezekiel E.; Skeie, Kathrine; Theilade, Ida; Treue, ThorstenNearly 10% of the world’s total forest area is formally owned by communities and indigenous groups, yet knowledge of the effects of decentralized forest management approaches on conservation (and livelihood) impacts remains elusive. In this paper, the conservation impact of decentralized forest management on two forests in Tanzania was evaluated using a mixed method approach. Current forest condition, forest increment and forest use patterns were assessed through forest inventories, and changes in forest disturbance levels before and after the implementation of decentralized forest management were assessed on the basis of analyses of Landsat images. This biophysical evidence was then linked to changes in actual management practices, assessed through records, interviews and participatory observations, to provide ameasure of the conservation impact of the policy change. Both forests in the study were found to be in good condition, and extraction was lower than overall forest increment. Divergent changes in forest disturbance levels were in evidence following the implementation of decentralized forest management. The evidence from records, interviews and participatory observations indicated that decentralized management had led to increased control of forest use and the observed divergence in forest disturbance levels appeared to be linked to differences in theway that village-level forest managers prioritized conservation objectives and forest-based livelihood strategies. The study illustrates that a mixed methods approach comprises a valid and promising way to evaluate impacts of conservation policies, even in the absence of control sites. By carefully linking policy outcomes to policy outputs, such an approach not onlyidentifies whether such policies work as intended, but also potential mechanisms.