Browsing by Author "Bisimwa, N. P."

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    Molecular detection of arboviruses in Aedes mosquitoes collected from Kyela district, Tanzania
    (2016-01) Bisimwa, N. P.; Angwenye, S.; Kinimi, E; Shayo, M.; Bwihangane, B. A.; Kasanga, C. J.
    Arboviruses belong to a group of viruses that are transmitted by arthropods, mainly mosquitoes and ticks causing clinical disease symptoms in humans and animals ranging from febrile illnesses to hemorrhagic fevers. The present study aimed at examining the circulation of Chikungunya, Dengue, Yellow fever and Rift valley fever viral genomes in Aedes mosquitoes from Kyela district in Tanzania. A systematic vector surveillance spanning two months and covering 5 sites in Kyela district was carried out in order to evaluate the potential role of Aedes spp in arbovirus transmission in the study area. Mosquitoes were collected, identified to species level by using morphological keys, pooled in respect species and collection sites and screened for arboviruses by RT-PCR. Adult mosquitoes were collected from April to May, 2015 using CO 2 -baited CDC light traps, magnet traps as well as human landing collection (HLC). The study sites included Kyela town, Kajunjumele, Ipida, Matema and Njisi villages. A total of 480 bloodfeed Aedes ssp were collected, identified and grouped in to 24 pools (1-20 mosquitoes per pool) according to species level and location. Out of the 480 Aedes spp collected, Aedes aegypti represented the most abundant species totaling 338 (70.4%), followed by Aedes africanus 102 (21.2%) and Aedes natalensis being the minority 40 (8.3%). Arboviruses were detected in 9 pools (37.5%) including Alphaviruses (8 pools) and Flaviviruses (1 pool). No sample was positive for Bunyaviruses. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was detected in 6 (75%) alphavirus positive pools that were collected mostly in the areas where rice cultivation was common. The findings of this study suggest that people from this region are highly likely to be exposed to arbovirus infections which may represent significant public health concerns.
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    Prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminths in slaughtered cattle in Walungu Territory, South Kivu Province, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
    (Austin Publishing Group, 2018-04-13) Bisimwa, N. P.; Lugano, R. M.; Bwihangane, B. A.; Wasso, S. D.; Kinimi, E.; Banswe, G.; Bajope, B.
    An abattoir cross sectional survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic helminths in slaughtered cattle at Kankinda and Mugogo Municipal abattoirs located in Walungu territory, South Kivu province, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Using qualitative and quantitative coprological examination, 200 fecal samples were tested. Gastrointestinal helminths’ eggs were detected in only 148 samples tested giving an overall prevalence of 74%. The most diversity class was nematodes with four species, followed by trematode and cestode with two species in each, both representing species abundances of 44.4%, 22.2% and 22.2% respectively and only one protozoan species was identified (11.1%). However, the prevalence of helminths in relation to sex and age group revealed no statistical difference at P value >0.05. The exotic breed presented the highest infection rate of 72.5% (OR=4.6, 95% CI: 1.9–11.1; p=0.0004) compared to the local breed. Similarly high prevalence of helminthes was found in slaughtered cattle from local farms 90.6% (OR=4.1; 95% CI: 1.9–9.5; p=0.0001) compared to cattle imported from Rwanda. The prevalent helminthes species identified were Eimeria bovis (74%), followed by Schistosoma bovis (41%); Hymenolepis diminuta (39%); Toxocara vitulorum (32.5%) and the least species observed were Fasciola gigantica (18%); Strongyloides papillosus (11.5%); Trichonstrongylus sp (7%); Haemonchus spp (6.5%); and Moniezia spp (6%). These findings reflect a growing burden of gastrointestinal parasite infections at abattoir level. Therefore, a proper management, improved hygiene and regular deworming practices should be institutionalized for prevention and control of parasitic infections in livestock.