Browsing by Author "Athumani, Hadija"

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Microbiological quality of stream and borehole water in Lushoto district, Tanzania
(African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2023-03-14) Chove, Lucy M.; Athumani, Hadija
A study was conducted to assess the microbiological quality of water in two streams and three boreholes from Sunga and Mbaru wards in Lushoto district, Tanzania. Water samples were collected in duplicate from the streams and boreholes. Three locations were selected along the stream including unpopulated forest areas, highly populated and less populated areas both with agricultural activities. Analysis of data was done by R-Software and means separated by Turkey‘s honest significance test at p<0.05. Significant differences (p<0.05) in Escherichia coli and Salmonella contamination were observed along the three locations of the streams. Although the unpopulated forest areas were not contaminated by either microorganism except for one sample, the rest of the areas were contaminated. Highly populated agricultural areas were found to be contaminated by E. coli and Salmonella, followed by the less populated agricultural areas. Generally, water samples from the streams failed to meet the TZS 789 Standard and WHO 2011 water guidelines, a risk to water borne disease outbreaks. With the exception of E. coli from boreholes in Madukani, all other borehole water samples were within the limits stipulated in both the TZS 789 Standard and WHO 2011 Guidelines. Communities should be warned about the dangers of water contamination especially at the sources. In addition, water should be treated regardless of its source to improve its safety and quality for human consumption.
Safety and quality of stream and borehole water used by selected communities in Lushoto District, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2019) Athumani, Hadija
This study was conducted to assess the quality and safety of borehole and stream water used in Sunga and Mbaru wards in Lushoto district, Tanzania. Water samples from streams were collected in duplicate from three locations based on land use. These included forest areas, populated areas with agricultural activities and less populated areas with agricultural activities. Borehole‟s water was collected in duplicate from three boreholes in each ward. Samples from the two sources of water were analysed in triplicate using standard methods for chemical parameters (pH, Total hardness, ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, lead, arsenic and DDT) and microbiological parameters (E. coli and Salmonella). Nested design was applied and data obtained was analyzed by R-Software. Means were separated by using Tukey„s honest at p<0.05. Results obtained were compared with TZS and WHO water guideline. Significant differences (p<0.05) in chemical parameters were observed in all locations within the streams except for arsenic. With the exception of phosphate in both streams all water samples tested met the TZS (2016) and WHO (2011). The phosphate levels were significantly higher (p<0.05) in populated areas in both streams but also in less populated areas in Daa stream than other study areas. All chemical parameters tested in borehole‟s water met the requirements for both TZS and WHO water guideline except pH and ammonia which exceeded the WHO (2011) water guideline. For microbiological parameters, significant differences (p<0.05) in E. coli and Salmonella were observed between the three locations of the streams. Furthermore significant differences (p<0.05) in E. coli contamination was also observed at boreholes water located at Madukani while the rest of boreholes were free from Salmonella and E. coli contamination. Good agricultural and hygienic practices should be applied so as to avoid contamination of water sources. Water from boreholes and streams should be treated before consumption to prevent water borne diseases.