Browsing by Author "Allan, Tumaini"

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Assessment of community perception on proper solid waste management at Household-level in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal of Community Development, 2024-12-14) Mdetele, Clara; Allan, Tumaini; Ngowi, Edwin
Effective solid waste management is integral to environmental sustainability and public health. The success of waste management initiatives is intricately linked to community perceptions, as their awareness and attitudes significantly influence outcomes. This study, conducted in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania, aimed to assess the community's perception of proper solid waste management at the household level. Employing a descriptive cross-sectional design, data were gathered from 70 respondents across three randomly chosen wards: Mazimbu (26), Mji Mkuu (22), and Mji Mpya (22). These wards were pivotal in capturing a comprehensive view of solid waste management practices, accounting for variations across different areas within Morogoro Municipality. Data were also collected from five key informants using the Kobo Collect survey tool. Inferential statistics, specifically Pearson chi-square tests, were applied to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, were used to explore the types of solid waste generated at the household level. The findings revealed that 38.6% of respondents produced vegetable waste, 28.6% generated leaves/grass, 20% produced plastic waste, and 12.9% generated other types of solid waste. The chi-square tests showed no significant differences in community awareness regarding the importance of proper solid waste management across wards, except for a significant difference in relation to disease outbreak reduction. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the community's perception of obstacles hindering proper solid waste management. To evaluate the community's perception of solid waste management, a composite mean score was calculated; a mean score above 2.00 indicated a positive perception, while a score below 2.00 suggested a negative perception. In conclusion, while the community generally holds a positive perception of solid waste management, factors such as collection fees and inadequate infrastructure hinder its effectiveness and efficiency at the household level. It is recommended that municipal authorities enhance solid waste management strategies and implement educational campaigns to raise awareness within the community.
Impact of conditional cash transfer on human capital investment in Sumbawanga municipality, Tanzania
(Open Journal of Social Sciences, 2023-02-15) Kisiwa, Mariam David; Magasha, Omary; Lumenyela, Rogers A; Allan, Tumaini
The purpose of this paper was to assess the effect of Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT) on human capital development especially in access to health services and education in Sumbawanga Municipality, Tanzania. The study adopted a cross- sectional research design whereby data used were collected through household survey with a sample of 450 poor households. Data were analyzed by using Propensity Score Matching in STATA 14. The study findings show that on av- erage conditional cash transfer programme improves human capital investment by increasing access to health services by 70 percent and increasing school at- tendance by 32 days in a year. Cash given was used to pay for medical care and buy school requirements for their children hence improving school attendance and the health status of members of the household. The CCT programme is crucial for human capital development for the poor households and the gov- ernment and other stakeholders should work together with the CCT programme to continue to improve education and access to health services. In Tanzania, evaluation of CCT programme has been largely used descriptive statistics and OLS regressions ending with biased results. The paper applied PSM to handle biasness of research results to confirm the impact of CCT on human capital development, the approach which was not applied before.
Impact of northern Tanzania potato system improvement project on income and food security of smallholder farmers in Arusha district, Tanzania
(The sub Saharan Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2025-05-16) Eliasse, Ermelinda A.; Urassa, Justin K.; Allan, Tumaini
Potatoes are a staple crop with substantial potential to enhance the income and food security of smallholder farmers in Tanzania. This study assesses the impact of the Northern Tanzania Potato System Improvement (NTPSI) project on smallholder farmers in Arusha District, focusing on both economic and food security outcomes. Using a cross-sectional survey of 192 farmers, comprising both participants and non-participants of the NTPSI project, the study applied Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to address selection bias and ensure robust comparison. Key outcome indicators included Gross Margin (GM) for income, Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), and Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for food security. The results reveal that participation in NTPSI significantly improved economic returns and food security. Specifically, the Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) showed that participants had a mean gross margin increase of TZS 512,000 per acre compared to non-participants (p < 0.01). Moreover, the HDDS score increased by an average of 2.4 points (p < 0.01), indicating better household dietary diversity, while the HFIAS score decreased by 3.7 points (p < 0.05), suggesting reduced food insecurity. These statistically significant findings confirm the effectiveness of the NTPSI project in enhancing smallholder livelihoods. The study underscores the transformative potential of integrated agricultural interventions, such as improved seed distribution, farmer training, and access to extension services, on rural incomes and nutrition. The evidence supports scaling similar programs across potato-producing regions in Tanzania to contribute to achieving SDGs 1 (No Poverty) and 2 (Zero Hunger).
RIPAT approach and gendered technology dissemination: insights from small-scale farmers’ groups in Tanzania
(Mkuki na Nyota Publishers Ltd, 2023) Allan, Tumaini; Massawe, Fatihiya Ally
The efforts to improve agriculture sector performance in Tanzania have not been very successful. The poor performance of the sector is attributed to among other factors, the ungendered process of agricultural technology development and dissemination. This review chapter contributes to the ongoing debate about gender responsiveness of agricultural technology dissemination approaches. While 40% of the agricultural Labour force in sub-Saharan Africa comes from women, it is unfortunate that most agricultural technologies and practices are masculine coupled with gender insensitive dissemination approaches. Therefore, improving agriculture sector productivity through technology adoption calls for the development of a gendered approach to technology dissemination. RIPAT is a participatory extension approach that aims to close the agricultural technology gap as a means of improving livelihoods and self-support among rural small-scale farmers. While empirical evidence demonstrates the approach to be successful in addressing among others the gap in agricultural technologies adoption by smallholder farmers it is not well documented on the extent to which the approach integrates the gender aspect in its dissemination of technologies and practices. The chapter is based on desk review where various gender studies were reviewed to establish gender sensitivity of the agricultural technology’s dissemination approaches. The RIPAT handbook manual was used as a guiding document for assessment. Results show basket of options through RIPAT approach has created fairness on access to inputs though options are gender influenced. Farmers adopting agricultural technologies have 17% probability to be food secure throughout the year and able to save and loan in their farming groups. However, across countries, the difference between men and women in productivity rates range between 4 – 25% due to multiple socio-economic factors. Active participation of female farmers in farmer groups may encourage disseminating gender responsive technologies. The RIPAT approach considers the household as a single unit where both members participate equally in decision-making while there are a lot of dynamics in the household decision making process. A gender-responsive approach suggests that equal benefit in agriculture starts from the design and application of technologies so that equity in access to resources and efficiency in productivity of both men and women can be recognized and addressed.