Centre for Gender Studies

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Access to sexual and reproductive health and rights: youth experiences in Handeni district, Tanzania
(American Research Institute for Policy Development, 2018-06-30) Jeckoniah, J.N.
Young people in Tanzania face many problems that affect their access to Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR). This study on which this paper is based explored youth’s knowledge, access to, and utilization of SRHR services. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey using quantitative and qualitative research methods. Simple random and systematic sampling techniques were used to select 390 respondents. A questionnaire based survey, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were the main methods for data collection. Descriptive statistical analyses were used to analyse quantitative data. The study found some knowledge gap on SRHR. Parents and tribal elders had limited communication with youth on SRHR, a thing which hampered youth’s adoption of the recommended practices. It is recommended to local government authorities and NGOs involved in promoting SRHR to involve and support local power structures including tribal elders and village councils during training and capacity building on issues related to SRHR for community ownership, acceptance and sustainability of the initiatives. It is recommended to the local government authorities and NGOs to have a focus on dual protection advocating for abstinence and consistent and correct use of condoms.
Achieving social protection for the elderly in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania: a call for social institutions towards improving elderly service provision
(Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 2017) Malima, R.; Jeckoniah, J.N.; Mvena, Z.S.K.
The elderly in Tanzania face social insecurity that put them at risk of great horizon of abuse, social exclusion, serious illness and abject poverty. Although, there are several social institutions addressing the risks facing the elderly in Tanzania, still the elderly’s adverse conditions remain unabated. This paper examined Social Institutions (SIs) and their respective roles in providing social security to the elderly in terms of food, health, shelter, clothing and income services. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design where a questionnaire survey, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were the main methods of data collection. The descriptive statistical analysis was employed to explore the distribution of socioeconomic characteristics and social protection. Content analyses approach was used to analyses the qualitative data. The findings show that: the family, Department of Social Welfare (DSW), Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF) and religious institutions were the most active SIs providing social protection to the elderly. Elderly were unsatisfied with the SIs’social services provision as they narrowly focused on health and food. There was inadequately provision of other needy services. The study recommends to government to enhance the implementation of the social protection policies and guide service provision mechanisms among SIs. There Sis should adopt joint implementation of the social protection interventions to improve the scope of services for elderly welfares.
Determinants of women empowerment in the onion value chain: a case of Simanjiro district in Tanzania
(Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 2012) Jeckoniah, J.N.; Nombo, C. N.; Mdoe, N .S .Y.
The impact of women participation in agricultural value chains into their empowerment is poorly understood. This paper explores the linkage between women’s participation in onion value chain development activities and their empowerment. The study involved 402 women of whom 207 (51.2%) were participating in the onion value chain development activities and 195(48.5%) were non non-participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS program, four index scales were constructed to measure women empowerment (personal autonomy, household decision making, economic domestic consultation and freedom of movement). A composite women empowerment index was developed to gauge women empowerment. Women in Simanjiro District were categorized in medium level of empowerment (mean score on CEI = 0.6033). Empowerment was found to increase with education attainment, age at first marriage and women income. Generally, women participating in the value chain development programme were more likely to be empowered than their counterparts. Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship between women empowerment and marital status, education level, age at first marriage, land ownership, access to credits and participation in onion value chain (P<0.05). The study recommends to the government, non-governmental organization and farmers groups to introduce gender and life skills education in value chain programmes to sensitize and mobilize actors to challenge gender inequalities and promote women empowerment.
Funding Patterns for Non-Governmental Organizations’ Services Delivery: A Case of Moshi Municipality in Tanzania
(Social Sciences & Humanities Journal, 2018-06-11) Kweyamba, T.; Jeckoniah, J.N.
Abstract: - Access to funds by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) continues to be a major problem for many NGOs in Tanzania. The study from which this paper is based examined the sources of funds for NGOs, analyzed trends of fund for NGOs and challenges and opportunities related to funding for NGOs. Cross-sectional study design was adopted whereby 348 respondents were interviewed. Descriptive statistical data analysis was done with the aid of IBM SPSS Version 20 and Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analysis with constant comparison techniques. The study found that international donations, grants and in-kind donations were the most common sources of funds for NGOs. Funding trends were deteriorating in all NGOs amidst several opportunities for NGOs to access fund. Irregular patterns and delays of fund disbursement affected NGOs services delivery. The study recommends to NGOs to diversify their source of fund by focusing on internal sources of funds and to diversify their service delivery activities though incorporating income generating activities. The local government authorities should create an enabling legal and policy framework environment to enable NGOs to venture into both businesses focused service delivery alongside traditional focus on charity service provision models.
Women collective actions and empowerment in agricultural value chains in Simanjiro district Tanzania
(International Journal of Gender and Women‟s Studies, 2017) Jeckoniah, J.N.
Women face many barriers in accessing markets for their agricultural products. Collective action (CA) has been identified as a potential option to overcome such barriers and empower them. As such, they have been organising themselves in different forms of collective action through formal and informal organisations in order to raise the capital base required in production and to influence traditions, laws and regulations that hinder their active participation and benefits. This paper explored the relationship between women's participation in collective action initiatives and their empowerment. A cross-sectional research design was adopted, involving402 respondents in the survey. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to explore thetypes and benefits of collective actions. In the same vein, an index scales was used to gauge the extent of women empowerment and ordinal logistical regression was used to determine the relationship between participation in collective action and empowerment. Women in the study area were categorized into medium level of women empowerment (CEI=0.6033) while 45.8% were categorized into higher level of women empowerment and 13.6% and 16.4% were categorized into no and low empowerment levels respectively. Ordinal logistic regression model revealed that marital status, education level, access to credit and participation in any form of collective action were the most important factors for women empowerment (P<0.05). In view of this, it is concluded that women still face many barriers towards their empowermentand CA has potential to contribute to their empowerment and the government and none governmental organizations need to strengthen efforts in the identified CA initiatives. It is recommended that development actors work beyond increasing the resources at women‟s immediate disposal and focus more on addressing unequal social relations and the „structures of opportunity‟ faced by women, including their sense of collective as well as individual agency.
Women’s participation in TASAF initiated activities and their economic empowerment: A case of Morogoro District, Tanzania
(Journal of Sociology and Development St. Augustine University of Tanzania, 2018) Mbirinyi, G.L.; Jeckoniah, J.N.
Women in Tanzania play important roles in activities that contribute to national economy. However, it is not well known whether their participation in development activities such as those initiated by TASAF projects empower them economically and to what extent. This study was conducted in Morogoro District to explore women’s economic empowerment among women involved in TASAF initiated activities. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design whereby data were collected once, and it involved 160 respondents, five key informant’s interviews and four FGD’s with 8-10 participants. Women’s economic empowerment index scales were developed to gauge the level of women’s economic empowerment in different spheres; cumulative empowerment index was computed to gauge the overall women economic empowerment. The binary logistic regression analysis was run to determine factors for economic empowerment among women participating in TASAF project activities. It was found that majority of the respondents (71.6%) were categorized into empowered level. Participation in TASAF activities, participation in women organizations and woman’s age were important predictors for their economic empowerment (P<0.05). The study concludes that TASAF initiated activities have a great potential to empower women. The study recommends to the TASAF project officials and Local Government Authorities to support and expand the coverage of the TASAF initiated activities.

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