1. Sokoine University of Agriculture Official Publications

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Browsing 1. Sokoine University of Agriculture Official Publications by Author "Kavana P. Y."

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    Natural resources conservation and livestock interface
    (Rangeland Society of Tanzania (RST), 2018) Kavana P. Y.; Sangeda A. Z.
    Natural resources conservation and livestock interface is conspicuous in areas adjacent to protected areas where interactions among wildlife, human and livestock commonly occur inside and around protected areas. The interactions commonly result in conflicts mainly the Human- Wildlife Conflict (HWC) and between Livestock and Wildlife with both negative and positive consequences that exist between them. The conflicts are stemmed on competition for limited natural resources when human, livestock and wildlife share the environment. Economic processes influence agricultural and wildlife-based enterprises as sources of income for communities while ecological processes influence the relative efficiencies of livestock and wildlife species in utilizing available natural resources. It has been observed that when livestock and wildlife share the same area, wildlife tend to disappear when livestock production is so specialized where irrigated and fertilized improved pastures, feed supplementation and fenced paddocks are put in place to support livestock production while wildlife left to exist naturally. This consequently result in Human- Wildlife Conflict as both livestock kept by human and wildlife tend to trespass the boundaries that separate them. The negative impacts associated with conflicts between Human and Wildlife compels the governments, wildlife managers, scientists and local communities to find solutions. Principally there are two main approaches in managing human wildlife conflicts that include prevention and mitigation. In addition, there is a new socio-economic approach in alleviating conflict which is based on changing attitudes of communities to wildlife conservation through education and ensuring that affected communities and individuals are active participants in, and enjoy tangible benefits from wildlife conservation. Analysis of the situation of natural resources conservation and livestock interface in Tanzania indicate that continuous livestock grazing system shows signs of rangeland deterioration in communal grazing lands adjacent to protected areas. It was envisaged that the situation might entangle livestock keepers in a vicious cycle of poverty due to losses of livestock under deteriorated rangelands.