Lalika, Makarius C. S.2021-05-202021-05-202020https://www.suaire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/3543Book chapter, pp. 269-293Climate change (CC) is currently considered as the most severe and devastating environmental catastrophe facing the globe. CC is the latest environmental driver of global environmental change causing rainfall shortage and water stress across the globe. This chapter reports a study carried out on water grabbing as solution for food production and water shortages in CC-stricken areas along the Pangani River Basin (PRB) in Tanzania. Results indicated that the mean yields before water grabbing were statistically (P < 0.001) higher than yields after water grabbing. Drivers for water grabbing include climate change and variability in some parts of the world, human population dynamics, change of consumption patterns, economic growth, and technological advancement. The effects of CC and water grabbing include loss of some aquatic flora and fauna, water use conflicts, and poor crop production. It is recommended that smallholder farmers have to adapt to drought-resistant crops and short-term seed varieties and carry out groundwater research and rainwater harvesting. More research should be carried out so as to know the link between CC and the decline of rainfall and water flow. Moreover, efforts should be made to conserve the Kilimanjaro Mountain to restore the vanishing ice cape.enEcosystem servicesLand grabbingPopulation growthClimate changeWaterBook chapter