Identification of risk factors associated with transmission of plague disease in eastern Zambia
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Date
2017
Authors
Nyirenda, S. S.
Hang’ombe, B. M.
Machang’u, R.
Mwanza, J.
Kilonzo, B. S.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
American society of tropical medicine and hygiene
Abstract
Plague is a fatal, primarily rodent-flea-borne zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis. The identificatio
of risk factors of plague was investigated through questionnaire interview and conducting focus group discussion (FGD) in
Sinda and Nyimba districts of eastern Zambia. A total of 104 questionnaires were administered to individual respondents
and 20 groups consisting of 181 discussants, which comprised FGD team in this study. The study revealed that trapping,
transportation, and preparation of rodents for food exposed the community to rodent and their fleas suggesting that
plague may have occurred primarily by either flea bites or contact with infected wild rodents. The study also revealed that
most people in communities consumed rodents as part of their regular diet; therefore, contact with small wild mammals
was a common practice. The mode of transportation of freshly trapped rodents, in particular, carcasses risked human to
flea bites. Questionnaire respondents (75%) and FGD discussants (55%) indicated that trappers preferred to carry rodent
carcasses in small bags, whereas 55.8% and 20% respectively, reported hunters carrying carcasses in their pockets.
Carrying of carcass skewers on trappers’ shoulders was reported by 38.4% and 20% of individual respondents and FGD,
respectively. All these activities were exposing humans to rodents and their fleas, the natural reservoirs and vectors of (.2 plague, respectively. This study also showed that there is a statistically significant = 4.6878, P < 0.05), between digging
of rodents from their burrows and the presence of fleas on the hunter’s bodies or clothes, which exposes humans to
potentially flea bites in an enzootic cycle.
Description
Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 97(3), 2017, pp. 826–830
Keywords
Risk factors, Identification, Transmission, Plague disease, Eastern Zambia