Public health aspect of manure management in urban and peri-urban livestock farming in developing countries
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Date
2017
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Publisher
INTECH
Abstract
Urban and peri-urban livestock farming has been expanding in recent decades due to
high demand for animal proteins to feed the growing urban population. The increase
in number of livestock and livestock keepers has led to increased manure production
in a shrinking space. This chapter evaluates the risks of transmission of manure-borne
pathogen between cattle, humans and the environment in urban and peri-urban areas.
Cattle and manure management practices, government directives, the presence of
zoonotic pathogens and risk of bacteria transmission were assessed by observations,
interviews, bacteria isolation and characterization and statistical modeling. Cattle are
kept under intensive and extensive systems. Different techniques are used to collect,
convey, store and dispose manure, all of which lead to direct contact with humans. The
prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in cattle and water was 2.2% (95% CI: 0.99–
3.67) and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.025–2.44), respectively. There was transmission of bacteria
between cattle, humans and the environment in 52% of clusters. Cattle and manure
management practices expose humans, livestock and the environment to risk of
infection or contamination. Holistic approach can be adopted in this scenario to attain
one health status and improve urban and peri-urban livestock contribution to
community livelihood simultaneously.
Description
Keywords
Manure management, Peri-urban, Pathogen transmission, System thinking, One health