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Sokoine University of Agriculture  Institutional Repository (SUA IR). This repository was built and is maintained by the university library  (Sokoine National Agricultural Library-SNAL) , in order to collect, preserve and disseminate scholarly output generated by University research community (staff and students) members.

This repository hosts a variety of openly accessible materials including: scholarly articles and books, theses and dissertations, conference proceedings and technical reports. For assistance about depositing your research output in the repository click here. SUA IR Policy  click here or any queries contact us at snal@sua.ac.tz.

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 14

Recent Submissions

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Contribution of women development fund to poverty reduction in Geita District, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2010) Ernest, E
Despite the effort made by the government to create good environment for women to access credit for income generation to reduce poverty, reduction of poverty through Women Development Fund (WDF) is not impressive. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the contribution of Women Development Fund to poverty reduction. Specifically, the study was meant to determine the amount of capital and costs for various income generating activities, determine the gross and net revenues from various income generating activities (IGAs), compare the income from IGAs done with credit and other activities done without credit between women who received credit and those who did not, ascertain the impact of some credit factors on overall income, and identify constraints facing income generating activities supported by WDF. Data were collected from a sample of 128 respondents, 64 of whom had received credit and 64 were those who had not. Simple random sampling was used to obtain the desired sample. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Multiple regression model was used to establish the relationship between factors influencing women’s income and gross margin tool was also used to determine the gross margins of women with and without credit in IGAs. The results showed that the average amounts of capital value and costs for various IGAs for recipients and non-recipients were 40 381 57 and 35 881 501 respectively. The amount of capital value of recipients before and after credit were 34 535 750 and 40 381 571 respectively. The average net margin was Tsh 10 530 150 under use of credit while non-credit users obtained an average net margin of Tsh 12 643 136 per annum. The amount of credit received had positive impact on poverty reduction (P=0.062) and it statistically insignificant (p>0.1). Based on the results it is concluded that access to credit by women has positive impact on household welfare. Therefore, it is recommended that policy makers should re-formulate policies that are in favour of WDF and increase the budgetary fund in order to increase the amount of credit provided to women for economic activities.
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The role of mobile banking towards improvement of rural livelihoods in Kasulu district, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2016) Damiano, M
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of mobile banking on improvement of rural livelihoods in Kasulu District. Kigoma Region. The study employed the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework. Specifically the study aimed at identifying segments of population using traditional financial services; identifying usage pattern of mobile banking services; identifying the types of transaction performed by mobile banking users and; examined the relationship between the use of mobile banking and improvement of rural livelihoods. Data was collected from a sample of 150 households and 9 key informants. Data analysis employed both descriptive and quantitative methods. The study found that majority of the rural households use mobile banking services to accomplish different livelihoods needs. The main financial services performed through mobile banking are savings, receiving and sending remittances, sending student fees and expenditures and buying airtime. Mobile banking variously contributes to improve rural livelihoods by replacing the need of financial services in rural areas. Mobile banking are highly valued for sending and receiving remittances, access to foods in households, ability to receive money, mobilization of money for social events, emergence and mobilization of money for health services, improved business status, reduced business cost, ability to send money and increases household income via savings. Mobile banking usage is however constrained by lack of awareness of services, no need for the services, difficulty to use and lack of mobile phone. Finally, the study recommends concerted efforts to increase access and usage of mobile banking services in rural areas for expanding access of financial services and sustainable rural livelihoods.
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The role of on-farm processing in generating farmers' income: the case of oilseeds in Kongvva District, Dodoma Region, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2006) Daudi ,P.N
On-farm processing of agricultural products like oilseeds is becoming more important in the economies of most developing countries like Tanzania mainly due to declining and fluctuating prices of raw products in the domestic and world markets. This study aims to illustrate the potential of on-farm processing in increasing farmer’s income in developing economies using sunflower in Kongwa district as a case. Specifically the study determines relative profit earned by farmers from selling raw sunflower and estimates how much additional income is generated after introducing on-farm processing. Primary data were collected through a cross section survey of 120 fanners using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analyses were used to describe the respondents’ characteristics. Gross margin analysis was used to estimate income generated from selling raw produce and that from processed produce. Paired Sample T-test was used to compare means of income generated by farmers before and after processing sunflower. Sunflower oil and seedcakes are the two products into which sunflower in the study area is processed .The results show that, on average the welfare of fanners increased by Tshs 121.63/kg of sunflower when on-farm processing is introduced in the sector. Comparison of means using Paired Sample T-Test indicated that farmers’ profit before and after processing sunflower were highly statistically significant at 1% level (p<0.01), confirming the hypotheses that the income generated by farmers from raw sunflower differ significantly from that obtained by selling processed sunflower. The study also found that there are several problems that hinder prosperity of on- farm processing in the study area. These include lack of reliable markets, few processing facilities/machines, low oil content seed varieties, poor transport, poor packing facilities and import competition. This case study clearly suggests that on-farm processing has important role in generating considerable income and hence in alleviating rural poverty. The results also support the notion that on-farm processing may contribute towards satisfying some of the objectives of an effective rural development agenda. This study recommends that the government should introducc/expand on -farm processing in areas growing oilseed crops.
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The potential of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in apparently healthy animals
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2013) Mlay, John Didas Mbereliye
Diagnosis of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in asymptomatic animals is a big challenge towards control of the disease. This is because most, if not all, of the available diagnostic methods are incapable of detecting the disease in such animals. In this study, an immunohistochemistry protocol was developed and employed to detect Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides Small Colony (M/wwSC) type, the causal agent of CBPP, in apparently healthy animals slaughtered at Morogoro urban abattoir. Lungs (n=13) with CBPP-like lesions were collected from the abattoir, kept in cool boxes, and transported to the veterinary pathology laboratory for investigation. After thorough gross examination, the lung samples were prepared for bacteriology, histology and immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies 3H12 and 6E3. Grossly, the lungs were non-collapsing, marbled with widened interlobular septa, oedematous and fibrinous. They were also consolidated and had areas of sequestration. Cultures from two samples showed growth of small colonies with “fried egg” appearance on Mycoplasma Experience medium. Histological examination revealed expanded alveoli containing fibrin, oedema and inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells in all samples. In more severe cases the inflammatory cells occupied the lost architecture of the alveoli. There was also fibrinous vasculitis and bronchiolitis with peripheral leukocytic infiltration. In immunohistochemistry, MmmSC antigens were detected from the sections prepared from all collected lung samples in the alveolar lumen and wall, bronchial and bronchiolar lumina, epithelium as well as bronchial glands and cartilage. It is concluded that immunohistochemistry is efficient in detecting MmmSC antigens in apparently healthy slaughtered animals. Its employment could be a sound option in diagnosis of CBPP in carrier asymptomatic animals and could thus aid in a long run, the control of the disease.
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Practices of E-Waste management among people living in African Cities: The case of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
(Research Gate, 2025) Madaha Rasel Mpuya; Mwakatoga Joyce; Abdulbatswa Hassan; Kibonde Suma Fahamu; Respikius Martin; Sanga Camilius
Rapid turnover in technology across the cities of the world creates a rapidly growing e-waste stream. This is the case for the city of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. Currently, the city lacks the capacity for handling and recycling the hazardous materials contained in e-waste. Further, Tanzania has neither a specific policy nor a law on e-waste management. The paper focuses on e-waste management practices in Dar es Salaam. The key question is what are the practices of stakeholders in e-waste management in the city? This study was conducted in Ilala and Temeke municipalities in the city Participants for the study were purposively selected. The selection ensured the representation of key stakeholders in e-waste generation and management. The number of participants for key stakeholders was determined by the data saturation point, a point where no new information was obtained. To gain an in-depth understanding, several ethnographic methods were employed. Based, on the study findings, some of the practices on e-waste management in the city of Dar es Salaam include: storing e- waste, landfilling, reusing, selling, and recycling. Overall, the practices of e-waste management in the city of Dar es Salaam remain informal and hence lack any operational legal framework. Although the existing legal framework for the management of e-waste has the potential for operationalization, it has no clear guidelines or procedures. The authors are aware that the Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS) has developed operational standards for e-waste management. However, the operational standards remain inaccessible to other key Government entities, the public and other key stakeholders. One, including Government agencies, must pay to access them. The authors strongly recommend that the standards should be made available free of charge and be operationalized at all levels. The authors further recommend the development of suitable frameworks to deal with the management of e-waste, recycling, and circular economy.