Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in breast milk and associated health risks to nursing infants in Northern Tanzania

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dc.contributor.authorMüller, M. B.
dc.contributor.authorPolder, A.
dc.contributor.authorBrynildsrud, O. B.
dc.contributor.authorLie, E.
dc.contributor.authorLøken, K. B.
dc.contributor.authorManyilizu, W. B.
dc.contributor.authorMdegela, R. H.
dc.contributor.authorMokiti, F.
dc.contributor.authorMurtadha, M.
dc.contributor.authorNonga, H. E.
dc.contributor.authorSkaare, J. U.
dc.contributor.authorLyche, J. L.
dc.date.accessioned2018-07-18T06:28:24Z
dc.date.available2018-07-18T06:28:24Z
dc.date.issued2015-12-23
dc.description.abstractThemain aim of this studywas to assess brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in breastmilk in the Northern parts of Tanzania. Ninety-five colostrum samples from healthy, primiparous mothers at Mount Meru Regional Referral Hospital (MMRRH), Arusha Tanzania, were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), hexabromobenzene (HBB), (2,3-dibromopropyl) (2,4,6-tribromophenyl) ether (DPTE), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB) and 2,3,4,5,6- pentabromotoluene (PBT). The Ʃ7PBDE (BDE 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183) ranged from below level of detection (bLOD) to 785 ng/g lipid weight (lw). BDE 47, 99, 100 and 153 were the dominating congeners, suggesting recent and ongoing exposure to banned, commercial PentaBDE mixture. Amultiple linear regressionmodel revealed that mothers eating clay soil/Pemba during pregnancy had significantly higher levels of BDE 47, 99, 100 and 153 in their breast milk than mothers who did not eat clay soil/Pemba. Infant birth weight and birth length were significantly correlated with the levels of BDE 47, 99, 100 and 153. The estimated daily intake (ng/kg body weight/day) of BDE 47 and 99 exceeded the US EPA Reference doses (RfD) in four and eight mothers, respectively, suggesting a potential health risk to the nursing infants.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipResearch Council of Norway (NFR nr: 204051)en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.suaire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/2543
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.subjectBrominated flame retardantsen_US
dc.subjectInfant growthen_US
dc.subjectPembaen_US
dc.subjectEstimated daily intakeen_US
dc.subjectHuman breast milken_US
dc.subjectTanzaniaen_US
dc.titleBrominated flame retardants (BFRs) in breast milk and associated health risks to nursing infants in Northern Tanzaniaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.urlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26826361en_US

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