Molecular and morphological characterization of grainyield and root architecture of selected faya ricegenotypes
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Date
2019
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Sokoine University of Agriculture
Abstract
The screen house and field experiments were conducted during the 2017 /2018 rainy
season in order to characterize grain yield and root architecture of fifteen(15) selected
Faya rice genotypes namely; Faya 14 M 69, Faya Zambia, Faya Mafuta 1, Faya
Mafuta 2, Faya Makanjira, Acc 5934, Mw 1685, Acc 9290, Acc 9293, Acc 18037,
Acc 18028, Acc 17323, Acc 17344, Acc 5933, and Faya Kalonga, at both molecular
and morphological levels for further utilization in crop breeding programmes. The
fifteen (15) selected Faya rice genotypes were obtained from Lifuwu Agricultural
Research Station (LARS). The molecular work was conducted at the Molecular
Biology Laboratory of Sokoine University of Agriculture (Tanzania) using ten (10)
Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. The morphological study was done at
Lifuwu Research Station (Malawi) on twelve (12) qualitative and twelve (12)
quantitative morphological traits, five (5) root architectural traits and seven (7)grain
quality traits in screen house (using PVC pipes) and field conditions. The present
study illustrated rich genetic divergence for different quantitative and qualitative traits
among the Faya rice genotypes. The quantitative traits such as grain yield, 1000 grain
weight, spikelet fertility, number of panicles per plant, number of tillers per plant,
panicle length, leaf length, leaf width, flag leaf length, flag leaf width and number of
spikelets per panicle illustrated most variation. The studied root architectural traits
such as fresh root mass, root number, maximum root length, fresh shoot mass, dry root
mass and dry shoot mass showed great variation among the studied genotypes. All the
grain quality traits in the present study showed no variation except translucency,
chalkiness, gelatinization temperature and gel consistency. The eleven qualitative
traits studied depicted great variation. Grain yield trait correlated positively with root
number, root thickness (root volume), 1000 grain weight, number of spikelets per
panicle, spikelet fertility and plant height and negatively with the other associated
traits that were analyzed. The agglomerative hierarchical clustering using twenty five
(25) quantitative morphological, grain quality, and root architectural traits grouped the
fifteen (15) Faya rice genotypes into four (4) clusters and five Principal Components
while the same genotypes were categorized into three clusters when ten (10) SSR
markers were used for clustering. All the ten (10) SSR (Microsatellite) markers that
were used in studying the 15 Faya rice genotypes turned out to be polymorphic for the
target traits and amplified 142 bands and 63 alleles. The least genetic similarity index
magnitude detected for and among the genotypes implies that some of the genotypes
studied have closely similar genetic constitution while others are distantly similar. The
highest Polymerase Information Content (PIC) value was recorded for primer RM215
and all the markers used in this study were neutral, convenient and co-dominant in
nature. The screening of the genotypes using both morphological and molecular (SSR)
markers for the fifteen (15) rice genotypes has revealed that the genotypes are diverse
and would produce significant transgressive segregants if used in general and
hybridization breeding work. All the SSR markers used in this study have proven to be
a success in studying the land races of rice as evidenced in the current work where all
markers turned out to be polymorphic.
Description
Msc. Dissertation 2019
Keywords
Molecular, Morphological characterization, Root architecture, Faya ricegenotypes