An in vitro investigation of endocrine disrupting effects of trichothecenes deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 and HT-2 toxins

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dc.contributor.authorNdossi, D. G.
dc.contributor.authorFrizzell, C.
dc.contributor.authorTremoen, N. H.
dc.contributor.authorFæste, C.K.
dc.contributor.authorVerhaegen, S.
dc.contributor.authorDahl, E.
dc.contributor.authorEriksen, G. S.
dc.contributor.authorSørlie, M.
dc.contributor.authorConnolly, L.
dc.contributor.authorRopstad, E.
dc.date.accessioned2020-04-01T10:18:08Z
dc.date.available2020-04-01T10:18:08Z
dc.date.issued2012
dc.descriptionJournal article pg. 268-278en_US
dc.description.abstractTrichothecenes are a large family of chemically related mycotoxins. Deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 and HT-2 toxins belong to this family and are produced by various species of Fusarium. The H295R steroidogenesis assay, regulation of steroidogenic gene expression and reporter gene assays (RGAs) for the detection of androgen, estrogen, progestagen and glucocorticoid (ant)agonist responses, have been used to assess the endocrine disrupting activity of DON, T-2 and HT-2 toxins. H295R cells were used as a model for steroidogenesis and gene expression studies and exposed with either DON (0.1–1000 ng/ml), T-2 toxin (0.0005–5 ng/ml) or HT-2 toxin (0.005–50 ng/ml) for 48 h. We observed a reduction in hormone levels in media of exposed cells following radioimmunoassay. Cell via- bility was determined by four colorimetric assays and we observed reduced cell viability with increasing toxin concentrations partly explaining the significant reduction in hormone levels at the highest toxin concentration of all three trichothecenes. Thirteen of the 16 steroidogenic genes analyzed by quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR) were signifi- cantly regulated (P < 0.05) by DON (100 ng/ml), T-2 toxin (0.5 ng/ml) and HT-2 toxin (5 ng/ml) compared to the control, with reference genes (B2M, ATP5B and ACTB). Whereas HMGR and CYP19 were down- regulated, CYP1A1 and CYP21 were up-regulated by all three trichothecenes. DON further up-regulated CYP17, HSD3B2, CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 and down-regulated NR5A1. T-2 toxin caused down-regulation of NR0B1 and NR5A1 whereas HT-2 toxin induced up-regulation of EPHX and HSD17B1 and down-regulation of CYP11A and CYP17. The expressions of MC2R, StAR and HSD17B4 genes were not significantly affected by any of the trichothecenes in the present study. Although the results indicate that there is no evidence to suggest that DON, T-2 and HT-2 toxins directly interact with the steroid hormone receptors to cause endocrine disruption, the present findings indicate that exposure to DON, T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin have effects on cell viability, steroidogenesis and alteration in gene expression indicating their potential as endocrine disruptors.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.suaire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/2976
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevier Ltd.en_US
dc.subjectEndocrine disruptoren_US
dc.subjectSteroidogenesisen_US
dc.subjectH295Ren_US
dc.subjectReporter gene assayen_US
dc.subjectGene expressionen_US
dc.titleAn in vitro investigation of endocrine disrupting effects of trichothecenes deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 and HT-2 toxinsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.urlhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.09.005en_US

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