Abstract:
Specifically, the objectives of the study were to identify the commonly used
extension-teaching methods by ALEOs, to examine criteria that ALEOs used to
select certain extension-teaching methods, and to assess factors that hindered
ALEOs to select certain extension methods. The population included all ALEOs
working in the selected wards of Morogoro and Mvomero districts and smallholder
farmers. Total numbers of respondents were 50 ALEOs, 25 from Mvomero and 25
from Morogoro District selected purposively, and 100 farmers, where 50 were from
Mvomero and 50 from Morogoro District selected using table of random numbers.
Data were collected using personal interviews, non–participant observation, and
focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, and cross
tabulations were used to explain and compare field information. Combination of
individual and group agricultural extension teaching methods was commonly used
to deliver agricultural information to farmers. The commonly used methods
included discussion meetings, method demonstration and result demonstrations.
ALEO considered availability of funds from coordinating institution, available time
for farmers to participate and cultural context when selecting extension teaching
methods. Farmers suggested considering easiness for themselves to understand, cost
of preparation and delivery, time spent when attending extension sessions, and
farmer participation. The study found that unavailability of teaching media, lack of
funds and poor working environment hindered ALEOs from selecting some
agricultural extension teaching methods. This study recommends that ALEOs
should incorporate various agricultural extension teaching methods, and use
methodologies that increase the interactive participation of smallholder farmers.
However, it is imperative that individual countries make situational analyses of the
social, political, technical, economic and cultural conditions prevalent in their areas
before adopting any extension teaching method.
