Total body fat is associated with increased risk for pre-diabetes and hypertension among secondary school adolescents in Morogoro Region, Tanzania
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Date
2022
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Iomcworld
Abstract
Aims: We aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of type 2
diabetes mellitus and hypertension among adolescents in Morogoro region,
Tanzania.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which involved 384 adolescent
students. Standard procedures were used to measure weight, height,
body fat percentage, blood pressure and random blood glucose levels.
Hyperglycemia was diagnosed using American Diabetes Association
criteria and hypertension diagnosed using American Heart Association
Guidelines for childhood hypertension. Dietary assessment was done
using a validated dietary diversity questionnaire. Physical activities
were assessed using a self-administered 7-day recall physical activity
questionnaire for adolescents. Statistical analyses was done using IBM
SPSS version 21. The Chi-square and logistic regression analysis were used
to determine determinants for diabetes and hypertension.
Results: Prevalence of pre-diabetes was more than twice as much (7.3%) in
the urban compared to the rural areas (3.1%). Determinants of pre-diabetes
were overweight/obesity (OR 5.64; 95% CI 2.82–11.31), school type (OR
1.99; 95% CI 1.04–3.84) and elevated body fat (EBF) (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.03
– 1.09). Likewise, prevalence of hypertension was much higher among
urban adolescents (17.2%) compared to their peers (5.7%). Determinants
of hypertension were location (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.11 – 3.07), overweight/
obese (OR 5.89; 95% CI 3.19 – 10.89), elevated body fat (EBF) (OR 1.14;
95% CI 1.09 – 1.19) and low physical activities (OR 1.58; 95% CI (1.35 –
3.48).
Conclusion: High prevalence of pre-diabetes and hypertension among
adolescents is alarming. Total body fat and increased BMI are associated
with increased risk for pre-diabetes and hypertension. Promotion of
healthy lifestyle should start at a younger age to prevent development of
diet related non-communicable diseases.
Description
Journal Article
Keywords
Pre-diabetes, Hypertension, Adolescents, Prevalence, Determinants