Potential industrial utilization of pre-treated municipal solid waste incineration fly ash
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Date
2018
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Abstract
This study sought to establish the effectiveness of water washing pre-treatment on the quality of municipal solid waste incineration
(MSWI) fly ash (FA) for reuse and solidification or stabilization (S/S). Initial analysis of the FA sample shows that it did not meet
the USEPA-1311 toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) regulatory limits of 2011. As a result, a two-stage water washing
process was carried out an attempt to improve the quality of the MSWI FA. After the washing pre-treatment, the heavy metals in
the FA sample met the regulatory limits, thereby making it non-toxic for reuse or safe disposal. The leachate from the washing
process also passed regulatory standards of China (GB 8978 – 1996) and the 2011 USEPA-1311. The washing process successfully
removed more than 98% of each heavy metal under study. The process was excellent at removing cadmium (99.99%) and very good
at removing the rest of the heavy metals. The 28-day compressive strength increased as the quantity of FA decreased. Also, all the
heavy metals in the samples prepared with the pre-treated FA met the USEPA-1311 TCLP regulatory limit for reuse and safe disposal.
The heavy metals leachability and compressive strength tests showed that the effect of cement-based S/S was largely influenced by its
quantity in the samples. The highest compressive strength was attained by using 55% of the FA as replacement for cement. However,
FA replacements of up 70% also yielded good results that met the 1989 USEPA standard of 0.34 MPa (50 psi)
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Keywords
Fly ash, hazardous waste, heavy metal, municipal solid waste, reuse, solidification/stabilization