Effect of nutrition education intervention and lifestyle behaviors on management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Mwanza city, Tanzania

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2015-06

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease associated with impaired glucose metabolism. This study aimed at assessing the effect of nutrition education intervention on the lifestyle behaviors and management of T2DM among adult diabetic patients who attended a clinic at Bugando hospital, Mwanza city for a period of one year during 2013. A cross-sectional study design was used to identify the population at risk of T2DM, from which random blood testing for glucose testing was conducted. Thereafter, a fasting blood glucose test was performed for the study sample with elevated blood sugar (>200 mg/dl) to confirm the cases (individuals suffering from T2DM).The cases were subjected to nutrition and lifestyle education intervention programme for one year. Findings showed that baseline mean fasting blood glucose was 285.15:=86.08ing/d1. Mean age was 55.8525 ± 9.36 years while the mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 28.18 kg/m2, falling within the overweight category(24.9-29.9kg/m2); and there was a significant (p<0.05) difference in fasting blood glucose between males and females. After the intervention, results revealed that fluting blood glucose levels were observed to decrease gradually from the baseline period up to 12 months. The difference in blood glucose levels between clinical visits (three months) was found to be significant (p<0.05). There was about 34% average decrease in blood glucose levels from the baseline survey to the post-intervention measure. Fasting blood glucose during baseline was significantly higher (p<0.05) than at the 3months after intervention. There was 7.3% mean decrease in average body weight from the baseline to the post intervention measurement. Mean BMI also decreased gradually with time. This study revealed that nutrition and modification of lifestyle behavior such as participation in exercises and reducing the amount of starch had delayed the effects' of T2DMby one year. It is therefore, possible to delay or prevent the development of complications of diabetes by adherence to clinical recommendation on nutrition and lifestyle modification.

Description

Journal of Continuing Education and Extension, 2015; 6(1): 775-788

Keywords

Nutrition, Education,, Management of T2DM, Lifestyle

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