Organic spices farming in WEST Districts, Zanzibar: Its contribution to livelihood outcomes of smallholder farmers
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Date
2017
Authors
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Publisher
Sokoine University of Agriculture
Abstract
In recent years, organic agriculture has been gaining considerable importance. Many
farmers today show interest all over the world in organic farming. Several of them have
begun switching to this traditional method of cultivation as a means to produce safe
foodstuffs and preserve the environment. The concept of organic farming is not new, but it
has been scantly studied. An organic spice farming is a part of the organic farming which
requires to be studied widely. Spice production is a popular economic activity in Zanzibar.
The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of organic spice farming to
livelihood outcomes of the smallholder farmers. The study adopted a cross-sectional
research design. A random sampling procedure was used to obtain 120 households. The
households were categorized from three clusters namely: merely organic, certified organic
and inorganic spice farming farmers. Data were collected using a household questionnaire
survey, focus group discussion and key informant interview. Both quantitative and
qualitative data were analyzed. Among the three types of spice farming, inorganic spice
farming could an averagely produce 174.3 kg/household, followed by merely organic
(86.3 kg/household) and certified organic (70.2 kg/household). However, certified spice
farming households earned in average 565 900 TAS higher than others ((merely organic
(361 170 TAS) and inorganic (350 500 TAS)). Further, certified spices contributed to
26.2% of the total household’s income, followed by merely organic (23.1%) and inorganic
(19.0%) spices. The farmers who certified their spices had been food secured for about
43%, followed by merely organic spices (35%) and merely organic spices (30%).
Generally, all the three types of spice farming led to the farmers affording to meet social
services at above 70%. The study concludes that spice farming enhanced livelihood
outcomes among households. There is, therefore, a need of putting more effort in spice
farming improvement, particularly certified organic spice farming as it gives high earnings
to the households.
Description
MSc. Dissertation
Keywords
Zanzibar, Smallholder farmer, Organic agriculture, Organic spice farming, Organic farming, Household livelihood