Responses of compact coffee clones against coffee berry and coffee leaf rust diseases in Tanzania

Abstract

The utilization of resistant Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) varieties is considered as the most economical control for coffee berry disease (CBD) and coffee leaf rust (CLR) in Tanzania. The resistance levels of varieties at field and laboratory conditions were assessed through their phenotypic disease reaction response to CBD and CLR. In this study sixteen (16) compact hybrids of C. arabica plus four (4) standard cultivars were evaluated under a range of environmental conditions in on-station and on-farm trials in Tanzania. Also four (4) Colletotrichum kahawae strains of the pathogen responsible for CBD infection; 2010/1, 2010/2, 2006/7 and 2006/14, and Hemileia vastatrix uredospores were used to test the sixteen (16) hybrids through artificial inoculation under controlled conditions (temperatures between 19 to 22 ºC, R.H 100%). Results showed that a significant level of variability (P < 0.05) occurred between the sixteen (16) compacts, three (3) standard checks and N39 a commercial susceptible variety across trials. Compact genotype CVT14 (PNI086 x (N39 x Rume Sudan Selfed F2) showed resistance to the four strains of C. kahawae and Hemileia vastatrix. Differential reactions on compact genotypes were found to C. kahawae and H. vastatrix strains existing in different coffee growing regions in Tanzania; genotypes CVT4 (PNI088 x (SL34 x HdT) x Kent x Rume Sudan) and CVT13 (PRO127 x (Blue Mountain Jamaica x Cioccie) x Rume Sudan) showed partial resistance to C. kahawae strains 2010/1, the genotypes were susceptible to strains 2010/2 but resistant to strains 2006/7 and 2006/14. This shows that host response reaction can be used as criteria for varietal assessment when evaluated at different locations.