Plague and the human flea, Tanzania

Abstract

Domestic fl eas were collected in 12 villages in the western Usambara Mountains in Tanzania. Of these, 7 are considered villages with high plague frequency, where hu- man plague was recorded during at least 6 of the 17 plague seasons between 1986 and 2004. In the remaining 5 vil- lages with low plague frequency, plague was either rare or unrecorded. Pulex irritans, known as the human fl ea, was the predominant fl ea species (72.4%) in houses. The den- sity of P. irritans, but not of other domestic fl eas, was signifi - cantly higher in villages with a higher plague frequency or incidence. Moreover, the P. irritans index was strongly posi- tively correlated with plague frequency and with the logarith- mically transformed plague incidence. These observations suggest that in Lushoto District human fl eas may play a role in plague epidemiology. These fi ndings are of immediate public health relevance because they provide an indicator that can be surveyed to assess the risk for plague.

Description

Keywords

Plague, Human Flea, Western Usambara Mountains, Tanzania, Domestic fleas

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