Soil Science Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://10.10.97.169:4000/handle/123456789/43
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Item Effectiveness of mulching under miraba in controlling soil erosion, fertility restoration and crop yield in the Usambara mountains, Tanzania(Wiley Online Library, 2014-09-23) Mwango, Sibaway Bakari; Msanya, B. M.; Mtakwa, Peter W.; Kimaro, D. N.; Deckers, Jozef; Poesen, JeanSoil erosion is a major threat to food security in rural areas of Africa. Field experiments were conducted from 2011 to 2014 in Majulai and Migambo villages with contrasting climatic conditions in Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of mulching in reducing soil erosion and restoring soil fertility for productivity of maize (Zea mays) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) under miraba, a unique indigenous soil conservation measure in the area. Soil loss was significantly higher (p < 0·05) under miraba sole than under miraba with mulching, for example, 35 versus 20 and 13 versus 8 Mg ha 1 y 1 for Majulai and Migambo villages, respectively, in 2012. Soil fertility status was significantly higher (p < 0·05) under miraba with Tughutu mulching than under miraba sole, for example, 0·35 versus 0·25% total N, 37 versus 22 mg kg 1 P and 0·6 versus 0·2 cmol(+) kg 1 K for the Majulai village; and 0·46 versus 0·38 total N, 17·2 versus 10·2 mg kg 1 P and 0·50 versus 0·2 cmol(+) kg 1 K for the Migambo village. Maize and bean yields (Mg ha 1 ) were significantly higher (p < 0·05) under miraba with Tughutu mulching than under miraba sole, 2·0 versus 1·3 for maize and 0·9 versus 0·8 for beans in Majulai; and 3·8 versus 2·6 for maize and 1·0 versus 0·8 for beans in the Migambo village in 2012. This implies that Tughutu mulching is more effective in improving crop yield than Tithonia, although both could potentially protect the arable land from degradation caused by water erosion under miraba. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Item Effectiveness of selected soil conservation practices on soil erosion control and crop yields in the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2014-12-16) Mwango, Sibaway Bakari; Msanya, B. M.; Kimaro, D. N.; Mtakwa, Peter W.; Deckers, Jozef; Poesen, Jean; Massawe, I.; Samwel, J.Indigenous soil conservation measures such as miraba have been widely used in Usambara Mountains for controlling soil erosion but with little success. On-farm runoff experiments were set from 2011–2014 on Acrisols in Majulai and Migambo villages with contrasting agro-ecological conditions in the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of miraba and miraba with various mulching materials in reducing runoff, soil and nutrient losses and improving productivity of maize (Zea mays) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Results show that mean annual runoff coefficients (mm mm -1 ) ranged from 0.72 for cropland with no soil conservation measure (control) to 0.15 for cropland with miraba and Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) mulching in Majulai village and respectively from 0.68 to 0.13 in Migambo village. Soil loss was significantly (P = .05) higher under control than under miraba with either Tughutu (Vernonia myriantha) or Tithonia -1 -1 mulching e. g. 184 vs. 20 in Majulai and 124 vs. 8 Mg ha year in Migambo village in 2012. The P- factors were significantly (P = .05) higher under miraba sole than under miraba with mulching in Majulai village (0.18 vs. 0.11) and in Migambo village (0.10 vs. 0.05).The annual nutrient losses in kg ha -1 yr -1 were significantly (P = .05) higher under control than under miraba with mulching 367 vs. 37 total N, 0.8 vs. 0.1 P and 14 vs. 4 K for Majulai village; 474 vs. 26 total N, 0.7 vs. 0.1 P and 20 vs. 1.2 K for Migambo village in 2012. Maize and bean yields were significantly (P = .05) higher under miraba with Tughutu mulching than under control (e.g. 2.0 vs. 0.7 Mg ha -1 for maize in Majulai in 2012). Thus miraba with Tughutu mulching is more effective in improving crop yields than miraba with Tithonia and miraba sole.Item Growth and yield responses of rice, wheat and beans to Zn and Cu fertilizers in soils of Mbeya region, Tanzania(International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research, 2015-11-10) Mhoro, Lydia; Semu, E.; Amuri, N.; Msanya, B. M.; Munishi, J. A.; Malley, ZachariaLow crop production in most arable lands is associated with soils highly depleted of nutrients. A study was conducted in selected physiographic units of Mbeya Region Tanzania, to investigate the levels of soil macro- and micronutrients effect on crops (rice, wheat and beans) performance. Soils were analyzed in the laboratory. Screen-house experiments with three levels of Zn (0, 7.5 and 15 mg kg -1 soil) and Cu (0, 5 and 10 mg kg -1 soil) in combination with N and P treatment in completely randomized design with three replications was conducted. The results showed that all soils were deficient in N, P and Cu, while 46% of soils had low Ca. Zn was low in 46% of the soils while K and Fe was sufficient in all soils. Application of 15 mg kg -1 Zn and 5 mg kg -1 Cu with N and P fertilizers gave significantly highest grain yield of rice (9.05 g pot -1 ), beans (5.80 g pot -1 ) and wheat (5.58 g pot -1 ). The control gave lowest grain yield in all crops. Zink rate of 15 mg kg -1 and Cu rate of 5 mg kg -1 was sufficient to increase yields in these soils. Field experiments are recommended to confirm Zn and Cu fertilizer recommendations.