Browsing by Author "Saito-Ito, Atsuko"
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Item Brief review on atypical human trypanosomiasis of trypanosoma lewisi(2016) Mafie, Eliakunda; Rupa, Fatema Hashem; Setsuda, Aogu; Saito-Ito, Atsuko; Sato, HiroshiTrypanosomes (Kinetoplastea: Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae), particularly salivarian trypanosome species as well as stercorarian Trypanosoma cruzi, are important parasites of humans and other animals that cause often fatal diseases. Stercorarian T. lewisi is known as a rat-specific species of the subgenus Herpetosoma. Rodent trypanosomes cause latent infections, and T. lewisi infection beyond the genus border, e.g. infection in mice, is considered to be virtually impossible. Nevertheless, nine human cases of T. lewisi infection have been reported in recent decades, with an increased incidence (five cases) in the last two decades. In the present review, we summarize the records of atypical human trypanosomiasis ascribed to T. lewisi infection and provide information on the background of disease incidences and possible PCR-based diagnostic approaches.Item Genetic diversity of cervid trypanosoma theileri In Honshu sika deer (cervus nippon) in Japan(Cambridge University Press, 2021) Rosyadi, Imron; Setsuda, Aogu; Eliakunda, Mafie; Takano, Ai; Maeda, Ken; Saito-Ito, Atsuko; Suzuki, Kazuo; Sato, HiroshiThe taxonomy of ruminant Trypanosoma theileri and its relatives (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) is controversial, with recent phylogenetic studies segregating T. theileri in cattle and other ruminants worldwide into two major genetic lineages (the TthI and TthII clades) based on genetic markers. In the present study, T. theileri-like trypanosomes isolated from Honshu sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the western Japan (YMG isolate) were gen- etically characterized using a number of genetic markers. Sika deer trypanosomes of the YMG isolate were genetically different from the Trypanosoma sp. TSD1 isolate previously recorded from Hokkaido sika deer in northern Japan, with the former trypanosome isolate being gen- etically closer to European cervid trypanosomes and the bovine T. theileri TthII lineage. In contrast, the latter isolate exhibited greater relatedness to North American cervid trypano- somes and the bovine T. theileri TthI lineage, although a clear genetic distinction between these was apparent. Furthermore, trypanosomes in Honshu sika deer from the central part of Japan harboured additional genetic diversity and were closer to either TSD1 or YMG iso- lates, while distinct from known T. theileri-related genotypes. Importantly, cervids and wild ruminants worldwide might harbour divergent descendants of a T. theileri ancestor, which exhibit rigid host specificity to either bovines or cervid species.Item Integrative taxonomic approach of trypanosomes in the blood of rodents and soricids in Asian countries, with the description of three new species(Springer, 2018) Mafie, Eliakunda; Saito-Ito, Atsuko; Kasai, Masatoshi; Hatta, Mochammad; Rivera, Pilarita T; Ma, Xiao-Hang; Chen, Eng-Rin; Sato, Hiroshi; Takada, NobuhiroTrypanosoma lewisi (Kinetoplastea: Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) with a cosmopolitan distribution is the type species of the subgenus Herpetosoma, which includes ca. 50 nominal species isolated mainly from rodents. Since members of Herpetosoma in different host species have an almost identical morphology of bloodstream forms, these trypanosomes are referred to as ‘T. lewisi-like’, and the molecular genetic characterization of each species is necessary to verify their taxonomy. In the present study, we collected blood samples from 89 murid rodents of 15 species and 11 soricids of four species in Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Taiwan, and mainland China for the detection of hemoprotozoan infection. T. lewisi and T. lewisi-like trypanosomes were found in the blood smears of 10 murid animals, which included Bandicota indica (two rats), Rattus argentiventer (one rat), and Rattus tiomanicus (two rats) in Indonesia; Rattus rattus (one rat) in the Philippines; and Niviventer confucianus (four rats) in mainland China. Furthermore, large- or medium-sized non-T. lewisi-like trypanosomes were detected in two soricids, Crocidura dracula in Vietnam and Anourosorex yamashinai in Taiwan, respectively. Molecular genetic characterization of the small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) and glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) gene indicated that the trypanosomes from all the murid hosts had identical SSU rDNA or gGAPDH gene nucleotide sequences except for those in N. confucianus in mainland China. These N. confucianus-infecting trypanosomes also showed several unique morphological features such as smaller bodies, anteriorly positioned nuclei, and larger rod-shaped kinetoplasts when compared with T. lewisi trypomastigotes. Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) niviventerae n. sp. is erected for this new species. Similarly, based on morpho- logical and molecular genetic characterization, Trypanosoma sapaensis n. sp. and Trypanosoma anourosoricis n. sp. are pro- posed for the trypanosomes in C. dracula in Vietnam and A. yamashinai in Taiwan, respectively. More effort directed toward the morphological and molecular genetic characterization of the trypanosomes of rodents and soricids is required to fully understand the real biodiversity of their hemoflagellates.