Browsing by Author "Sadiki, H."
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Item Integrating the management of the ruaha landscape of Tanzania with local needs and preferences(University of California, 2010-01) Masozera, M.; Erickson, J.D.; Clifford, D. L.; Coppolillo, P.; Nguvava, M.; Sadiki, H.; Mazet, J. A .K.ustainable management of landscapes with multiple competing demands requires balancing the diverse preferences and needs of stakeholder groups. Conservation and development organizations have often made unwarranted assumptions about what is desired by, or good for local people without engaging local stakeholders. This study uses conjoint analysis to assess the preferences of representatives from three stakeholder groups—local communities, district government officials, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs)—to identify potential competing conservation and development priorities facing local communities in the Ruaha Landscape of Tanzania. Representatives of local agricultural communities place high importance on investments in farmer’s cooperatives that increase accessibility to supplies, loans, and capacity development. In contrast, district government officials and NGOs perceive investments to improve health, education, and tourism infrastructure as highest priorities for the region. Analysis suggests a need for incorporating issues deemed important by these various groups into a development strategy that aims to promote conservation of the Ruaha Landscape while improving the livelihoods of local communities. To be successful, future projects, whether conservation or development, must reconcile objectives at local to global scales and across sectors.Item The prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis-infection and atypical mycobacterioses in cattle in and around Morogoro, Tanzania(Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 2009) Durnez, L.; Sadiki, H.; Katakweba, A.; Machang’u, R. R.; Kazwala, R. R.; Leirs, H.; Portaels, F.A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis-infection and atypical mycobacterioses in different cattle herd management systems in and around Morogoro, Tanzania. Between April and June 2005, a total of 728 bovines from 49 herds were tested for M. bovisinfection and atypical mycobacterioses. Milk samples were taken from tuberculin positive animals and analysed for the presence of mycobacteria. Total prevalences of 2.5% and 10.1% were found for M. bovisinfection and atypical mycobacterioses respectively, with more M. bovis-infection in cattle in the extensive management system and more atypical mycobacterioses in cattle in the intensive management system. From 8 out of 42 milk samples (19%) atypical mycobacteria were cultured. A higher prevalence of M. bovisinfection in the extensive sector could be due to several factors. In addition, such high prevalence puts herd owners and their families at risk for BTB. Therefore control of BTB, as well as education of cattle owners is important, especially in the extensive sector.Item Tuberculosis infection in wildlife from the Ruaha ecosystem Tanzania: Implications for wildlife, domestic animals, and human health(Epidemiology and Infection, 2013-03-13) Clifford, D. L.; Kazwala, R. R.; Sadiki, H.; Roug, A.; Muse, E. A.; Coppolillo, P. C.; Mazet, J. A. K.Mycobacterium bovis, a pathogen of conservation, livestock, and public health concern, was detected in eight species of wildlife inhabiting protected areas bordering endemic livestock grazing lands. We tested tissues from 179 opportunistically sampled hunter-killed, depredation, road-killed, and live-captured wild animals, representing 30 species, in and adjacent to Ruaha National Park in south-central Tanzania. Tissue culture and PCR were used to detect 12 (8·1%) M. bovis-infected animals and 15 (10·1%) animals infected with non-tuberculosis complex mycobacteria. Kirk’s dik-dik, vervet monkey, and yellow baboon were confirmed infected for the first time. The M. bovis spoligotype isolated from infected wildlife was identical to local livestock, providing evidence for livestock–wildlife pathogen transmission. Thus we advocate an ecosystem-based approach for bovine tuberculosis management that improves critical ecological functions in protected areas and grazing lands, reduces focal population density build-up along the edges of protected areas, and minimizes ecological stressors that increase animals’ susceptibility to bovine tuberculosis.