Browsing by Author "Rwehumbiza, F."
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Item Factors influencing intensity of adoption of integrated water management innovations in the semi-arid areas of north-eastern, Tanzania(2014-11-30) Masuki, K.; Mutabazi, K.; Mattee, A.; Tumbo, S.; Rwehumbiza, F.; Mowo, J.The semi-arid areas of north-eastern Tanzania are faced by regular incidences of intra-seasonal dry spells which pose negatively impact on crop yields. The situation has forced farmers to practice different types of innovations including in situ capture and management of rainwater. collection, concentration, diversion and/or storage of run-off to mitigate the problems. This paper examines the main l'actors influencing intensity of adoption of water management innovations. The study was conducted through a cross-sectional survey in Makanya watershed. involving 234 farmers. Censored Tobit model was used to estimate the coefficients of intensity of adoption of the innovations. Intensity of adoption of the innovations was found to be between two and four. Most households (78.3%) had at least two innovations per plot, such as diversion canals. borders basin (sunken beds) and large planting pits. complimented with use of farm-yard manure, deep tillage. mulching and cover crops. The adoption intensity was higher in the uplands, with more than 56.7% of farmers having tour or more innovations in their farms compared to 30.8% and 41.7% in the lowlands and midlands, respectively. Group networking. years spent in formal education, respondent's age and agricultural information pathways were found to be the major factors influencing the adoption intensity at farm-level. Considering these factors in the scaling out of the innovations is expected to improve their adoption and thus intensify management of water resources in semi-arid watersheds with similar settings like Makanya. This is critical for an effective promotion of best practices of integrated water management systems at landscape level.Item Impacts of climate variability and change on rainfed sorghum and maize: Implications for food security policy in Tanzania(Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2015-04-15) Msongaleli, B. M.; Rwehumbiza, F.; Tumbo, S. D.; Kihupi, N.Concern about food security has increased because of a changing climate, which poses a great threat to food crop productivity. Climate change projections from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) and crop models were used to investigate the impacts of climate change on rain-fed cereal production. Calibrated and evaluated crop models simulated maize and sorghum yields over time periods and scenarios across central zone Tanzania with and without adaptation. Simulation outputs without adaptation showed predominant decrease and increase in maize and sorghum yields, respectively. The results showed that maize yields were predicted to decline between 1% and 25% across periods, representative concentration pathways (RCPs) and global circulation models (GCMs). However, sorghum yields were on average predicted to increase between 5% and 21%. Overall when adaptation is incorporated toward mid-century, yields are projected to increase for both crops. The yield projections variation between cereal crops highlights the importance of location and crop specific climate change impact assessments. Despite the uncertainties in predicting the impacts of climate change on rainfed crops, especially on cereals (maize and sorghum) which are important staple food crops in semi-arid Tanzania, the findings of this study enable policy makers to develop plans aimed at sustainable food security. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the presumption that sorghum productivity stands a better chance than maize under prospects of negative impacts from climate change in central zone Tanzania.