Browsing by Author "Mvena, Z."
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Item Features of successful syndrome mitigation: enhancing resilience and empowering the vulnerable in East Africa(Global Change and Sustainable Development, 2010) Kiteme, B. P.; Obrist, B.; Kessy, F.; Speranza, C. I.; Misana, S.; Mvena, Z.; Lelo, F.; Wiesmann, U.This paper examines how knowledge-based interventions improve the quality of life in communities where they are implemented. It draws on case studies of three interventions implemented as Partnership Actions to Mitigate Syndromes (PAMS) within the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South programme. The case studies consist of a qualitative evaluation based on experience, knowledge and expertise gained through participants’ observations, as well as relevant documents and reports. The concepts of 1) syndrome mitigation; 2) participation and empowerment; and 3) vulnerability and resilience are used as assessment indicators to demonstrate the levels of and differences in contributions by and among the respective interventions. The assessment reveals that although each of the three projects contributed to syndrome mitigation in its respective context, there are marked disparities in the level of individual achievement that are influenced by the nature of problems of unsustainability, technological requirements, and the implementation costs of the preferred intervention.Item Forage availability and its quality in the dry season on smallholder dairy farms in Tanzania(2008) Mtengeti, E. J.; Phiri, C. H.; Urio, N. A.; Mhando, D. G.; Mvena, Z.; Ryoba, R; Mdegela, R. H.; Singh, B. R.; Mo, M.; Wetlesen, A.; L⊘rken, T.; Reksen, O.The study was conducted on smallholder dairy farmers in Tanzania. A number of forage species and feed supplements were collected and analysed. Panicum maximum and P. purpureum constituted the bulky forage in about 20 and 11 households, respectively. The crude protein (CP) content of P. maximum and P. purpureum ranged from 6.5 to 8.5% and 7.8 to 10.2% while in vitro dry matter digestibility ranged from 44 to 50 and 48 to 51%, respectively. The mineral content of these two grasses were adequate for Ca but 95% of the forages were deficient in Cu and Zn and 84% in P. The CP content of multipurpose tree leaf was 3 4 times higher than that of grasses. In conclusion, the study revealed that dairy farmers depended solely on natural grasses and crop residues, which are low in CP, digestibility and mineral content.