Browsing by Author "Mpanduji, D. G."
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Item Analgesic, behavioural and cardiopulmonary effects of epidurally injected medetomidine (Domitor ® ) in goats(Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2000) Mpanduji, D. G.; Bittegeko, S. B. P.; Mgasa, M. N.; Batamuzi, E. K.This study was carried out in order to evaluate the analgesic, sedative, immobilizing and cardio- pulmonary effects of medetomidine in goats after lumbosacral epidural injection of three (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg body weight) doses. The volume of the injection for all three medetomidine doses was 5 ml in sterile water. Seventeen clinically healthy, Small East African goats of either sex and weighing between 12 and 22 kg (mean 2 SD; 14.8 2 2.5 kg body weight) were used. The animals were randomly assigned to two groups. Seven goats were used for evaluating analgesic, behavioural and cardiopulmonary effects while 10 were used for experimental surgery. The cardiopulmonary values and rectal temperature were determined and recorded at time 0 (preinjection) and at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min, and thereafter at 15-min intervals up to 180 min after injection. Analgesia of the flank and perineum was determined at time 0 (preinjection) and at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min using a scoring system. The spread of analgesia to the thorax, neck, forelimbs and head was also determined and recorded. The onset and duration of lateral recumbency was noted and recorded. Medetomidine at the given doses induced variable cardiopulmonary depression, which was not detrimental to the animals. All three doses (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg) of medetomidine induced adequate analgesia of the flank and perineum. Analgesia extended to the thorax, forelimbs, neck and head. The duration of lateral recumbency was 136 and 166 min for the 20 and 30 mg/kg medetomidine doses, respectively. The duration of lateral recumbency was not determined for the animal given 10 mg/kg medetomidine. Signs of sedation (lowering of the head, drooping of the lower lip, partial to complete closure of the eyes and salivation) were noted after administration of all three doses. It can be concluded from this study that all three doses induced adequate analgesia of the flank and perineum. Surgical analgesia of the flank of goats was achieved after lumbosacral epidural administration of 20 mg medetomidine/kg, diluted in 5 ml of sterile water. Surgery was not performed with the other doses (10 and 30 mg/kg) of medetomidine.Item Comparison of analgesia and cardio-pulmonary effects of epidural injection of pethidine and lidocaine in small East African goats(RESEARCH OPINIONS IN ANIMAL & VETERINARY SCIENCES (ROAVS), 2013) Mpanduji, D. G.; Ndossi, D. G.Analgesic and cardiopulmonary effects of epidural injections of 2% lidocaine (4mg/kg, n=6) and pethidine (2.5mg/kg, n=6) were compared in healthy goats weighing 18-25 kg. All drugs were injected at lumbosacral epidural space. Mean heart rate, respiration rate, rectal temperature, analgesia effect (response to pinprick stimuli), sedation and motor incoordination were determined. Results were recorded before and at various times (every 5 minutes for the first 10 minutes and every 10 minutes upto 2 hrs) after the epidural injection. Onset of analgesia was after 5 minutes following injection of either lidocaine or pethidine. Duration of analgesia was over 120 minutes and 60 minutes after epidural injection of lidocaine and pethidine respectively. Hind limb paralysis was observed in goats that received lidocaine while only mild incoordination was observed in pethidine treated goats except for one goat that remained recumbent for the entire observation period. Significant increase in body temperature was recorded in 10 minutes after pethidine injection but did not change following lidocaine injection. There was no significant change in heart rate following epidural injection of lidocaine but significantly decreased following pethidine injection. Respiration rate significantly increased in lidocaine group but did not change in pethidine treated goats. Results of this study indicate that epidural injection of pethidine at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg produce analgesia of a shorter duration compared to lidocaine, but is sufficient and safe for short duration surgeries of the perineal region in goats.Item Comparison of xylazine and lidocaine effects for analgesia and cardiopulmonary functions following lumbosacral epidural injection in goats(Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 1999) Mpanduji, D. G.; Mgasa, M. N.; Bittegeko, S. B. P.; Batamuzi, E. K.The present study was carried out in order to compare the effects of xylazine and lidocaine on analgesia and cardiopulmonary parameters following epidural injection in goats. Twelve healthy Small East African goats of both sexes (mean 2 SD; 15.6 2 1.9 kg body weight) were used. The goats were randomly assigned to two groups of five and seven animals. The first group (n = 5) was given 2 % lidocaine-HCl at 4400 mg/kg body weight. The second group (n = 7) was administered 2 % xylazine-HCl at 150 mg/kg body weight. All drugs were diluted in 5 ml of sterile water and were injected epidurally through the lumbosacral interspace with the injection taking over 20 s. Both drugs induced analgesia within 5 min. Signs of sedation, cardiopulmonary changes and lateral recumbency developed within 5–7 min after administration of epidural xylazine. Tail flaccidity and hind limb paralysis developed 3 min after epidural administration of lidocaine. The time from recumbency to regaining normal stance was 60 and 158 min for xylazine- and lidocaine-treated animals respectively. Xylazine induced adequate analgesia of the flank and perineum, which extended to the head and forelimbs. In contrast, lidocaine induced adequate bilateral flank and perineal analgesia extending up to the third thoracic vertebra. For both drugs, analgesia of the flank and perineum persisted for the entire 180-min observational period. Epidural injection of xylazine and lidocaine caused variable depression effects on the cardiopulmonary values but was not so low as to cause concern. It is concluded that lumbosacral epidural injection of xylazine at 150 mg/kg body weight in 5 ml of water for injection offers the most desirable sedation and analgesia of the flank and perineum. The longer duration of analgesia may be useful for postoperative analgesia and relief of continuous straining in goats.Item Prevalence of claw lesions in free range short horn cattle (zebu) in Kwimba district, Tanzania(Tanzania Veterinary Association, 2017) Ndaki, E. M.; Mpanduji, D. G.Claw lesions are the problems which affect the hoofed animals and may or may not result into lameness. In cattle, this is a disease of economical importance as it affects the animal wellbeing as well as the economy of the farmer. The disease has been shown to affect animals kept in different production systems, although much information is available from the intensive dairy units and beef in feedlot systems. Limited studies have investigated the problems of claw lesions in cattle under pastoral and agro-pastoral systems in Tanzania. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence and characteristics of claw lesions in the free range cattle in Nyambiti Village Kwimba district in Mwanza. The study was carried out during dry and rainy season between 2014 and 2015. A total of 19 households were selected for study whereby 367 cattle were examined. A total of 206 cattle were examined during dry season and 161 during rainy season. The overall prevalence of the claw lesions was 7.6%. During the dry season, 13 (6.3%) cattle had claw lesions while during rainy season 15 (9.3%) cattle had claw lesions. The observed lesions traumatic injury, claw abscess, hoof overgrowth, inward and outward curved claw, laminitis, hardened groove and swelling of the coronary area, foot rot, interdigital dermatitis, heel erosion and double sole. Most of the lesions were realized in cows which accounted for 71.4% of all lesions. Hind legs had most of the claw lesions (82.1%). It is concluded that claw lesion is a problem in free range short horn zebu hence the farmers should be given proper information and advices on the claw problems as to how it occurs and the associated effects as well as management on animals.Item Profile of plasma lipids and degree of derangements among the elderly of Morogoro region, Tanzania(Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 2014) Mwangengwa, L. M.; John, J.; Banabars, E.; Chacha, W. J.; Mushi, J.; Ally, M. H.; Ngarashi, D.; Mpanduji, D. G.Changes in lifestyles and ageing have been associated with growing rates of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (CRF). Dyslipidemia is one of the CRF associated with numbers of cardiovascular diseases. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the profile and degree of derangements of plasma lipids among 300 (176 females and 124 males) elderly individuals aged ≥60 years in Morogoro, Tanzania. The calorimetric enzymatic methods and the Friedewal’s equation were used for determination of cholesterols and triglycerides (TG). Social and demographic characteristics were gathered by structured questionnaires. The logistic regression models were used to identify the determinants of abnormal serum lipids level. Mean Total Cholesterols (TC) and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterols (LDL-C) in females exceeded significantly that of males. Mean TC, LDL-C as well as TG (mg/dL) declined significantly with age while mean High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterols (HDL-C) also declined but only slightly. Elderly females were two times more likely to have elevated TC (OR=2.11; 95% CI: 1.04-4.28: P=0.05) and LDL-C (OR=2.15; 95% CI: 1.17-3.97: P=0.019) and three times to have lowered HDL-C (OR=3; 95% CI: 1.97-5.30: P<0.001) than males. Urban residents were about two times more likely to have elevated LDL-C (OR=1.84; 95% CI: 1.04-3.25: P=0.047) than their rural counterparts. Body Mass Index of ≥30 kg/m 2 was also associated with elevated LDL-C (OR=1.89; 95% CI: 1.05- 3.42: P=0.045) and lowered HDL-C (OR=2.18; 95% CI: 1.3-3.65: P=0.004), respectively. The present study has established the profile and level of derangements of serum lipids among the elderly of Morogoro region in Tanzania. It appears that, female sex and BMI of ≥ 30kg/ m 2 are significant factors for elevated TC, LDL-C and lowered HDL-C while urban life is a significant factor for elevated LDL-C.Item The Selous-Niassa Wildlife Corridor(Tanzania Wildlife, 2003) Baldus, R. D.; Hahn, R.; Mpanduji, D. G.; Siege, L.In the debate on biodiversity conservation two topics have gained prominence in recent years. One is connecting important protected areas by „corridors“ in order to safeguard the vital genetic flow and exchange with the aim to avoid „conservation islands“. The other topic is transboundary partnerships in conservation. This paper describes how a number of governmental and nongovernmental actors under the leadership of the Tanzanian Wildlife Division have worked towards the creation of „Wildlife Management Areas“ on village land in Southern Tanzania, which would serve as a string of protected areas to form a corridor connecting two elephant ranges of high importance, the Selous Game Reserve and ecosystem and the Niassa Game Reserve in Mozambique.Item The Selous-Niassa Wildlife Corridor(Tanzania Wildlife, 2003) Mpanduji, D. G.; Hahn, R.; Siege, L.This paper describes how a number of governmental and nongovernmental actors under the leadership of the Tanzanian Wildlife Division have worked towards the creation of „Wildlife Management Areas“ on village land in Southern Tanzania, which would serve as a string of protected areas to form a corridor connecting two elephant ranges of high importance, the Selous Game Reserve and ecosystem and the Niassa Game Reserve in Mozambique.