Browsing by Author "Malimbwi, Rogers E."
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Item Are miombo woodlands vital to livelihoods of rural households? Evidence from Urumwa and surrounding communities, Tabora, Tanzania(Taylor & Francis, 2013) Njana, Marco A.; Kajembe, George C.; Malimbwi, Rogers E.This study investigated contribution of miombo woodland resources accrued from Urumwa Forest Reserve (UFR) to income of rural households. Data and conclusions are based on 84 randomly surveyed households in four villages adjacent to UFR. Using descriptive statistics, the analysis was guided by the sustainable livelihood framework conceptual model. Results show that the miombo woodlands of the UFR account for 42% of total household income. Further analysis reveals that woodlands contribute 28% and 59% of non-monetary and monetary income, respectively. This demonstrates a significant role played by miombo woodlands. Woodland resources contribute to household income through various livelihood activities. Accordingly the woodland resources accrued from the UFR cover human basic needs. Results from this study empirically demonstrate the vital role played by miombo woodlands in either supporting current consumption or serving as safety net. It is, therefore, recommended that current and future management strategies in the forest sector emphasize forest and livelihood dimensions for sustainability of both livelihood and forest and woodland resources.Item Implementation and opportunity costs of reducing deforestation and forest degradation in Tanzania(2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2011) Fisher, Brendan; Lewis, Simon L.; Burgess, Neil D.; Malimbwi, Rogers E.; Munishi, Panteleo K.; Swetnam, Ruth D.; Turner, Kerry; Willcock, Simon; Balmford, AndrewThe Cancún Agreements provide strong backing for a REDDC (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) mechanism whereby developed countries pay developing ones for forest conservation1. REDDC has potential to simultaneously deliver cost-effective climate change mitigation and human development2–5. However, most REDDC analysis has used coarse-scale data, overlooked important opportunity costs to tropical forest users4,5 and failed to consider how to best invest funds to limit leakage, that is, merely displacing deforestation6. Here we examine these issues for Tanzania, a REDDCcountry, by comparing district-scale carbon losses from deforestation with the opportunity costs of carbon conservation. Opportunity costs are estimated as rents from both agriculture and charcoal production (the most important proximate causes of regional forest conversion7–9). As an alternativewe also calculate the implementation costs of alleviating the demand for forest conversion—thereby addressing the problem of leakage—by raising agricultural yields on existing cropland and increasing charcoal fuel-use efficiency. The implementation costs exceed the opportunity costs of carbon conservation (medians of US$6.50 versus US$3.90 per Mg CO2), so effective REDDC policies may cost more than simpler estimates suggest. However, even if agricultural yields are doubled, implementation is possible at the competitive price of US$12 per Mg CO2.Item Kitulangalo forest reserve: an overview(Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania., 2007) Malimbwi, Rogers E.Item Reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Afr., 2007) Zahabu, Eliakimu; Skutsch, Margaret M.; Sosovele, Hussein; Malimbwi, Rogers E.Introduction Until now forest carbon trading has been possible only through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Con- vention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). But CDM is limited to afforestation and reforestation projects. The option for reducing rates of carbon emissions by improved forest management and by avoided deforestation is not eligible, despite the fact that the Intergovernmental Panel on Cli- mate Change (IPCC) estimates that 20–25% of current annual carbon emissions result from loss of tropical forest (IPCC, 2007). The contribution of tropical deforestation to global carbon emissions has prompted re-negotiation of climate change policy to include Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD). This would allow tropical forest nations to claim for compensation, if they reduce national rates of deforestation and degradation through management of natural forestsItem Regeneration Dynamics and Structural Changes in Miombo Woodland Stands at Kitulangalo Forest Reserve in Tanzania(Taylor & Francis Group, LLC., 2020-07) Njoghomi, Elifuraha E; Valkonen, Sauli; Karlsson, Kristian; Saarinen, Markku; Mugasha, Wilson A.; Niemistö, Pentti; Balama, Celestino; Malimbwi, Rogers E.The sustainability of the seriously threatened African miombo wood lands depends on their capability to maintain sufficient natural regen eration. This study focused on the regeneration dynamics and the impacts of silvicultural treatments of fencing, site preparation, and thinning in the Kitulangalo forest reserve in Tanzania. Mixed models were applied to analyze the change in number of stems during the nine-years observation period on a set of permanent experimental plots. There was a significant decrease in the total number of stems (from 29 800 ha −1 to 19 100 ha −1 ) but a significant increase in the number of main stems (from 9 300 ha −1 to 11 100 ha −1 ) during observation period. The proportion of empty regeneration plots (zero seedlings and saplings on a regeneration plot of 4 m 2 ) was initially very low (7.3%) and decreased further during the study period to 5.3%. Greater stand density was associated with lower density of regeneration. Fencing implied a greater increase in the number of main stems but a sharper drop in the total number of stems by reducing animal disturbances. The findings indicate that the forests at Kitulangalo are recovering from past abuse and likely developing toward more sustainable stand structures and sustainability.