Browsing by Author "Mabiki, Faith P."
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Item Activity of sterols isolated from the leaves of commiphora swynnertonii (Burtt) against some nosocomial infectious bacteria(The Journal of Phytopharmacology, 2022-09-04) Credo, David; Mabiki, Faith P.; Machumi, Francis; Chacha, Musa; Cornett, ClausCommiphora swynnertonii (Burtt) is traditionally used for medicinal purposes both in humans and animals in Tanzania. Previously, its leaves extract has been demonstrated antibacterial activity. However, there is limited information on identification of pure compounds responsible for its observed antibacterial activity. Therefore, this study was conducted to isolate and evaluate antibacterial activity of pure compounds isolated from its leaves extract. Colum chromatographic separation of its dichloromethane leaves extract afforded the isolation of two sterols namely, Cholest-7-en-3β-ol (1) and β-sitosterol (2). Their structures were deduced by using NMR data experimentally obtained and comparison with spectral data available in literatures. The sterols were evaluated for activity against four nosocomial infectious bacteria namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) by broth microdilution method. Cholest-7-en-3β-ol (1) demonstrated strong activity against S. aureus (MIC= 0.5 mg/ml) and weak activities (MIC >2mg/ml) against other bacteria. β-sitosterol (2) exhibited weak activities (MIC >2mg/ml) against all tested bacteria. Therefore, presence of antibacterial active compound(s) such as Cholest-7-en-3β-ol (1) among others in the leaves of C. swynnertonii can justify its earlier reported antibacterial activity and further confirms the claimed traditional uses of this plant in the treatment of bacterial infections.Item Dependence of air quality on meteorological parameters in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania(Tanzania Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2010) Mkoma, Stelyus L.; Kimambo, Offoro N.; Mabiki, Faith P.; Tungaraza, Clavery T.The influence of meteorology on air quality in Dar es Salaam was investigated. Precipitation, temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were measured during wet and dry seasons of 2005 and 2006 period and their relationship with reported mass of particles of aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm (PM10) for the site was assessed. Results indicate that the highest median concentrations for the PM10 mass (58 μg/m 3 ) was observed during the 2005 dry season and the lowest median (40 μg/m 3 ) during the 2006 wet season. It is interpreted that reasons for the higher levels of the PM10 mass in the dry season are due to temperature inversions, soil dust dispersal and absence of rain wash-down. The observed PM10 levels are also affected by the variations in sources strengths and in meteorological conditions such as mixing height, precipitation, relative humidity, wind speed and direction as supported by air mass trajectories.Item Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to manage HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections in Rungwe, Mbeya region, Tanzania(Academic Journal, 2018) Kibonde, Suma F.; Augustino, Suzana; Mabiki, Faith P.; Mdegela, RobinsonThe current ethnobotanical study identified medicinal plant species used to manage HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections by the communities in Rungwe District, Tanzania. Data were collected using questionnaires (n=193), interviews (n=9) and field observations. A total of 31 plant species from 23 families are used in managing HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections. Compositae and Rosaceae were predominantly used in disease management by 15% each. Of the plant parts, leaves were the most used (44%), followed by roots (28%), bark (7%), fruits, seeds and stem (5%) while the least used plant parts were tubers (4%) and the whole (2%). Tuberculosis utilized 60% of the species, Herpes simplex 55%, chronic diarrhea 40%, oral candidiasis 35% and Herpes zoster 30%. Dissotis phaeotricha scored the highest fidelity value (73%), followed by Berberis holstii (60%). The knowledge on medicinal plants among respondents was influenced by; informal education (p<0.01), village location (p<0.01) and ethnic background (p<0.05). The study exposed the presence of reasonable knowledge of traditional medicinal plants among communities in Rungwe District. The results contribute to the conservation of experimental experiential knowledge of medicinal plants used in the management of HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections hence, shouldering world’s efforts geared towards anti-HIV/AIDS innovations.Item Optimization of Extraction Conditions and Phytochemical Screening of Root Extract of Synadenium glaucescens Pax(Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2013-10-20) Mabiki, Faith P.; Magadula, Joseph J.; Mdegela, Robinson H.; Mosha, Resto D.Optimization of extraction conditions and phytochemical screening of the root bark of Synadenium glaucescens were carried out in a stepwise manner in order to obtain the highest yields and the constituents of the extracts. Sequential extraction using Soxhlet method was performed using dichloromethane, hexane and petroleum ether, respectively, each followed by ethanol. Extraction conditions included: running time of 2 to 6 hours, temperature at 25 o C to 95 o C and particle size ranging from 0.4mm to >3mm diameter. Phytochemical screening was done using derivatisation techniques, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. Extraction with dichloromethane followed by ethanol resulted in a higher yield by 25%, within 4 hrs of extraction, particle size of 1mm, at temperatures of 30 o C for dichloromethane and 75 o C for ethanol. Fatty acid analysis indicated absence of free fatty acids in both Dichloromethane and ethanolic extracts. Silylation and Thin Layer Chromatography indicated the presence of non hindered and hindered functionality and the presence of triterpenoids in the dichloromethane extract. Phytochemical screening of the dichloromethane extracts indicated that it is composed of two main triterpenoids that best matched with Lanosterol (42%) and Cycloartenol (31%). Other minor compounds identified through chromatographic analysis were phytol, ergostadiol, hentriacontane, sitastirol aceate, lupeol and hopenone. The ethanolic extracts indicated the presence of polyphenolic compounds.Item The use of stem and root barks extracts from synadenium glaucescens (euphorbiaeceae) as acid base indicators(Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2019) Mayeka, James G.; Mabiki, Faith P.Currently, the conduction of acid-base chemical reactions involves the use of industrial made indictors which are associated with environment pollutions. This situation necessitates the search for more acid-base indicators from the natural sources. The aim of this work was to study the acid-base indicating capacity of the extracts from Synadenium glaucescens. To study the indicating capacity from S. glaucescens, the extracts from leaves, stem and root barks were studied for their colour change, reversibility, pH range and effectiveness during titration by titration using strong and weak acids and bases. The results indicated that, only the indicators from stem and root barks extracts had indicating capacity as they were capable to change colour due to pH change. The pH range of the two indicators was from 2.9 to 12.7 which make them to be better universal indicators. Both indicators could be reversed clearly while in acidity and alkalinity conditions. Titration showed sharp colour change at the end points. The mean titre of the two indicators were ranging from 24.3 ± 0.31 to 25.4 ± 0.75 and 18.9 ± 0.17 to 24.1 ± 0.05, respectively with their colour change from brick red to colourless and orange to colourless, respectively. The end points obtained by stem and root barks indicators correspond to the end points obtained by standard indicators, phenolphthalein and methyl orange. Thus, the stem and root barks extracts are suitable to serve as acid-base indicator. Further studies could be done aiming to develop paper indicators and isolate pure compound which is responsible for indicating capacity of S. glaucescens.