Browsing by Author "Kambarage, D.M."
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Item Evaluation of chemotherapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of Kelamedium® in Bovine trypanosomosis(AFRICAN UNION, 2008-12-20) Nonga, H.E.; Kambarage, D.M.Chemotherapeutic and chemo-prophylactic efficacy of Kelamedium® an isometamidium was evaluated in five medium dairy farms and two traditional herds with a number of animals above 6 months age being 275 and 100 respectively. The trial also involved 42 smallholder dairy herds with 316 animals. The animals were clinically examined for trypanosomosis signs then screened for haemoparasites using blood smears and micro-centrifugation methods. Positive animals on smears were classified as “cases” and were treated with a curative dose (1 mg/kg bodyweight) of Kelamidium® and monitored for parasitological recovery on days three, six and nine. A total of six “cases” were encountered and five which were treated with Kelamidium® showed parasitogical and clinical recovery by days 3 and 9 respectively, whereas one animal died. Smear negative animals were randomly assigned to two treatment groups; with one group receiving a prophylactic dose (0.5 mg/kg) of Kelamidium® and the controls being treated with the same dose of Samorin®. These animals were then monitored clinically and re-screened on days 60 and 90-post intervention for re-infections. Kelamidium® showed a prophylactic efficacy of 99.4% and this was comparable (p>0.05) to that of Samorin® (99.7%). These results thus show that Kelamidium® offers an alternative choice to Samorin®.Item Risk Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001) Kazwala, Rudovick; Kambarage, D.M.; Daborn, C.J.; Nyange, J.; Jiwa, S.F.H.; Sharp, J.M.A study was conducted in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and the risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease in cattle of di¡erent categories and in di¡erent climatic zones. The overall prevalence of the disease was 13.2%, and 51% of the herds tested contained reactor cattle. Assessment of risk factors was based on comparisons of the reactivity of the cattle in the single comparative intradermal tuberculin test (SCITT). Older cattle were more a¡ected by the disease than yearlings and calves (p50.0001). There were signi¢cant di¡erences between male and female cattle (p50.05) and between cattle with exotic blood compared to indigenous Short Horn Zebu (SHZ) cattle (p50.05). The castrated bulls, often used for draught power, were more frequently (p50.01) a¡ected than the entire bulls, mainly used for breeding. Reactivity to tuberculin did not appear to be in£uenced by the reproductive status of the animal. The reactivity to tuberculin of pregnant cattle was not signi¢cantly di¡erent from that of the rest of the cows (p40.05). However, signi¢cantly more (14.6%) lactating cattle reacted in the SCITT than did non-lactating cows (12.0%) (p50.05). There was a highly signi¢cant di¡erence (p50.001) between reactivity in the SCITT among cattle grazing in the hot and dry lower lands (14.0%) and that in those grazing in the cool and wet highlands (8.7%).