Browsing by Author "Armah, Emmanuel Odartei"
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
- Results Per Page
- Sort Options
Item Antibiogram and diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in scavenging local chicken in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania(Excellent publishers, 2020-02-20) Armah, Emmanuel Odartei; Tuntufye, Huruma NelkiweThe poultry industry, especially chicken production has in recent times faced a major set-back due to devastating effects of APEC Extended Spectrum Beta- Lactases (ESBL) producing organisms. This research aimed at investigating antimicrobial susceptibility profile and diversity of ESBL producing avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC) among fecal cloacal swaps of scavenging local chickens based on the various housing systems. The APEC isolates were determined by virulence factor profiling and by Kirby-Baeur disc diffusion, 42% of the APEC isolates were found to be ESBL producers. Of the ESBL isolates, 87.5% were resistant to nalidixc acid, 37.5% were resistant to cefotaxime, Trimethroprim-Sulfamethoxazole, augmentnin and cephalothin, 25% were resistant to Ceftriaxone whiles no isolate was resistant to Imipenem, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. On screening, a total of 32 beta-lactamase genes were found amongst these isolates, all of these isolates harbored the blaTEM gene.Semi-intensively kept chickens harbored more ESBL genes and in more diverse forms than the extensively kept ones.Item Antibiogram of avian pathogenic escherichia coli in scavenging local chicken in Morogoro, Tanzania(2021-04) Armah, Emmanuel OdarteiAvian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is responsible for the annual million-dollar loss in the poultry industry worldwide. This research aimed at investigating the occurrence and antimicrobial pattern of APEC among scavenging local chickens. A total of 400 cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were obtained, out of which 192 Escherichia coli were isolated. By use of virulence factor profiling, these 192 samples were screened for the presence of 16 virulence factors by multiplex PCR. All 192 samples harbored at least one of the 16 virulence genes and 19 of them carried at least four, making them APEC. The virulence traits ibeA, iss, traT and chuA were observed to lead the chart with percentages of 84.21, 78.95, 63.16 and and 52.63 respectively. In the pathogenesis of APEC, Iron acquisition, serum resistance, toxins and invasins were found to be very significant (P<0.05). The antimicrobial sensitivity testing, 10.52% of the strains showed multi-drug resistance. All the isolates were sensitive to gentamycin and imipenem drugs whiles none of them were sensitive to cephalothin. Occurrence of virulence strains of APEC in Morogoro region of Tanzania is alarming.Item Diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in avian pathogenic Escherichia Coliin scavenging local chicken in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2016) Armah, Emmanuel OdarteiThe poultry industry, especially chicken production has in recent times faced a major set-back due to devastating effects of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactases (ESBL) producing organisms.This research aimed at investigating the diversity of ESBL genes in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC) among scavenging local chickens. A total of 400 cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were obtained, out of which 192 Escherichia coli were isolated. By use of virulence factor profiling, these 192 samples were screened for the presence of 16 virulence factors by multiplex PCR. All 192 samples harbored at least one of the 16 virulence genes and 19 of them carried at least four, making them APEC. The virulence traits ibeA, iss, traT and chuA were observed to lead the chart with percentages of 84.21, 78.95, 63.16 and and 52.63respectively. In the pathogenesis of APEC, Iron acquisition, serum resistance, toxins and invasins were found to be very significant (P<0.05). The antimicrobial profiles of these APEC strains were determined by Kirby-Bauerdisc diffusion test using 10 antimicrobials. These include:augmentin (30μg), imipenem (10μg), cephalothin (30μg), cefotaxime (30μg), ceftazadime (30μg), ceftriaxone (30μg), nalidixic acid (30μg), ciprofloxacin (5μg), gentamycin (10μg) and trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole(25μg). All APEC strains were found to be resistant to at least one of these drugs, with 10.52% of them being multi-drug resistant. By double-disc synergy test, eight of the APEC isolates were found to be ESBL producers. They were screened for the presence of beta-lactamase genes and the following were present: blaTEM-100%, blaOXA-1 -75.0%, blaCMY-2 62.5%, CTX-M group III (CTX-M-8)-50%, CTX-Mgroup IV (CTX-M -9)-37.5%, CTX-M group I(CTX-M -1,and-15) -12.5% and blaSHV-12.5%. Occurrence of virulence strains of APEC and ESBLs genes are also alarming