Welcome to SUAIRE
Sokoine University of Agriculture Institutional Repository (SUA IR). This repository was built and is maintained by the university library (Sokoine National Agricultural Library-SNAL) , in order to collect, preserve and disseminate scholarly output generated by University research community (staff and students) members.
This repository hosts a variety of openly accessible materials including: scholarly articles and books, theses and dissertations, conference proceedings and technical reports. For assistance about depositing your research output in the repository click here. SUA IR Policy click here or any queries contact us at snal@sua.ac.tz.
Recent Submissions
The effects of state intervention in public parastatals: the case of Tanzania dairy farming company limited Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 1994) Ng'ui, Urughu Emmanuel
The study aimed at analyzing the effects of state intervention on the performance of public parastatals in Tanzania with special reference to the Tanzania Dairy Farming Company Limited (DAFCO). The specific objectives of the study were to:
(a) Describe the milk production trends, marketing and pricing arrangements;
(b) Analyze the effects of government intervention policy on the performance of marketing and pricing of milk;
(c) Determine alternative Marketing and pricing arrangements of milk and other dairy products (heifers and bulls) from DAFCO farms;
(d) Develop a dairy subsector policy in marketing and pricing;
Both primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed by employing both qualitative and
quantitative methods.
The results on trends of milk production in DAFCO farms, revealed two phases of production i.e. an increasing phase between 1976 and 1982 and decreasing one between 1982 and 1991.
Milk production increased from 1 220.2 thousand litres in 1976 to 4 570 thousand litres in 1982 and
decreased to 2 371 thousand litres in 1991.
The study showed that production performance of DAFCO has deteriorated greatly compared to the original design and objectives, (milk production decreased from highest of 4 571 to 2 371 thousand litres (-48%) , milk yield per cow per day decreased from highest of 7.7 to 6.8 litres
(-12%), total herd decreased from highest of 5 592 to 3 633 heads (-35%) and milking cows decreased from highest of 1 686 to 930 heads (-45%). It was also found that the company has been making financial losses in all fiscal years except for 1977 when it reported a net profit of Tshs 23.8
million. The study also revealed that through Government intervention policy DAFCO was directed to sell all its milk to TDL as its sole marketing channel and milk prices were determined and fixed by the government, this policy was found to be detrimental to DAFCO. Results of regression analysis model indicated that price of milk is negatively related to quantity of milk produced which is contrary to economic theory. This indicated how firms which are protected through state intervention are not sensitive to market signals. Other variables i.e. price of feed, the minimum wage rate and trend variable were found to have the right relationship to quantity of milk produced as implied by economic theory i.e. increase in feed price will result into decreased milk production, increase in wage rate will lead to increased milk output and that for trend variable, improvement in dairy technology will result into increased milk production. All these variables were found to be significant at 0.05 significance level in determining milk production in DAFCO.
farms with the explanatory power of 87.6% which shows that they are all important factors to be considered for decisions involving milk production.
Policy recommendations include:
(a) DAFCO to be given sole autonomy in decision making on its own policies, objectives and strategies and planning process;
(b) The company should take the open market as the only marketing channel for its products. The prices of milk and other dairy products should also be determined by open market forces of supply and demand;
(c) DAFCO should seek for funds from internal and external as well as from its own sources. It should also look for both internal and external joint ventures;
(d) Husbandry aspects i.e. disease control and feeding procedures should be improved to reduce cattle's high mortality rates;
(e) Technological improvement is required to increase production;
(f) Managerial skills should be improved through recruitment of qualified and experienced staff and
offering further training;
(g) All farms need to be well equipped with adequate farm machinery and equipments for their development
Value chain analysis for cassava in the eastern zone of Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2008) Njau, Pudensiana Hipolity
A study was conducted in the Eastern zone of Tanzania to evaluate the existing value chain for cassava using the Profit Margin and Sustainable Livelihood Approaches. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and Participatory' Rural Appraisal (PRA). The results of analysis showed that cassava was marketed mainly as a fresh root, dry roots/chips and cassava flours. The analysis of livelihood assets revealed that PANTIL project farmers had more favourable livelihood portfolios than their counterpart non-PANTIL project farmers. The former owned significantly larger land holdings than the latter farmers (P < 0.05), averaging at 2.4 versus 1.7 ha. respectively. When human capital was evaluated using the proxy of average years of schooling for family members aged 25 to 64 years, the results showed statistically significant higher portfolios of human capital for PANTIL project farmers than non- PANTIL project farmers (P < 0.05). The difference in human capital measured in terms of Adult Labour Equivalent was not significant (P < 0.05). The PANTIL farmers had also adopted more cassava processing technologies than the non- PANTIL farmers (P < 0.05). The former farmers obtained higher net margins than the latter (a mean difference of Tshs 129 919 which was significant at P < 0.05). The study recommended that the government should help facilitating the introduction and adoption of appropriate technologies that can reduce labour bottlenecks and enhance cassava production, processing, marketing and utilization. The opportunity for processing enterprises must be identified based on the existence of viable market opportunities and the financial aspects of technology acquisition (affordability) and operation should be taken into account.
Compliance to recommended prevention and management practices among type 2 diabetes patients in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 2024-04-02) Bofu, Hasna; Msollo, Safiness Simon; Mwanri, Akwilina Wendelin
Introduction: Diabetes-related complications are the significant causes of morbidity and mortality among type 2 diabetes patients. The complications can be reduced by practising and maintaining several preventive measures. The present study aimed to assess compliance and factors associated with recommended management practices and prevention of complications among type 2 diabetes patients in selected health facilities in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2023 among 140 patients diagnosed with diabetes for at least three months before the study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire, which included patients’ characteristics and a previously validated Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities questionnaire to assess patients' compliance with recommended practices. A multi variable regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with compliance with recommended practices.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was59 ±12.08 years and 65% were females. Among 140 patients, 91.4% (n=128) had poor or unsatisfactory self-care practices with an overall mean of 3.81± 2.08 days per week for diabetes management. The recommended practices with good or satisfactory performance were non-smoking, non-alcohol drinking and prescribed medication. In contrast,unsatisfactory performance was observed for self-monitoring blood glucose and physical activities. Multiple regression analysis showed that co-morbidity (AOR 4.5; 95% CI: 1.14-18.02) and being employed (AOR 4.4; 95% CI:1.25-15.44) independently predict self-care practices.
Conclusion and recommendation: Compliance with self-monitoring of blood glucose, physical exercise and dietary practices were found to be low among type 2 diabetes patients, which could increase the risk of complications. Nutritional and lifestyle counselling and the use of peer groups should be emphasized to improve compliance with recommended practices.
Cassava value chain analysis in Mkuranga district coast region in Tanzania.
(Sokoine Universityof Agriculture, 2011) Kihwele,H. M
The aim of this study was to conduct cassava value chain analysis in Mkuranga district.The data was collected from 90 farmers, 15 farmer processors, 7 service providers and 30 traders from different markets located in Mkuranga district Coast region, Temeke, Ilala and Kinondoni Municipal in Dar es Salaam region. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from farmers’ while for other categories of respondents the appropriate
checklist was used to gather information concerning their participation in cassava value chain. Both quantitative and descriptive analysis was applied. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft excel statistical soft ware used for analysis. The results show that the key actors of cassava value chain include research institutions, input suppliers, farmers, processors, small traders, brokers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers which play different roles in cassava value chain. The study also found that, cassava is constrained by production, processing and marketing but on the other hand cassava from
Mkuranga has a lot of market opportunities in the district itself, urban, regional and international markets. Gross margin analysis show that farmers’, wholesalers and retails have the gross margin ratios of 20%, 39%, and 38% respectively. In dry cassava value chain, farmers have a gross margin ratio of 41.1% when they sell to retailers and gross margin ratio of 52.12% when they sell direct to consumers. Fanners gross margin is affected by distance from the market, year of experience in cassava business, planting style, cropping style and farmer’ organization in cassava production activities. The study concluded that dry cassava value chain is more efficient and highly potential compared to fresh cassava value chain for development in Mkuranga district. The study recommends that development of dry cassava value chain is vital and therefore calls for efforts from all development stakeholders in cassava value chain to focus on it.
Analysis of cocoa beans value chain: a case study of Kyela district in Mbeya region
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2011) Kibona,K. J.
The study on analysis of cocoa value chain was conducted in Kyela District. Kyela is a leading cocoa producing District in the country with annual production of 4344 tonnes. Tanzania exports about 6500 metric tones per year. The general objective of the study was to assess cocoa value chain and performance indicators among smallholder farmers in Kyela District. The specific objectives were to identify the cocoa beans market channels, to determine the gross margin accrued by actors, to compare the gross margin accrued among the actors and to determine the contribution of cocoa fermenting to farmers’ gross margin in Kyela District. A cross sectional research design was used in the study. The study population was cocoa producing farmers and cocoa traders in Kyela District. To meet the objectives of the study, qualitative and quantitative analysis methods were applied. The qualitative techniques involved the use of measures of central tendency to describe characteristics of respondents and in the description of the market chain. In analysis of gross margin, linear regression and one way ANOVA were quantitative methods identified. The first channel comprised of farmers, village collectors, private company agents, private companies and exporters. The second comprised of farmers, private company agents, private companies and exporters. The last channel also found out that, farmers received higher gross margin than other actors and that therefore recommended for farmers to sell fermented cocoa through channels that cocoa fermenting contributed significantly to the level of farmers’ gross margin. It is comprised of farmers, primary cooperative, cooperative union and exporters. It was used. During the study three main channels through which cocoa was sold were give them high return. It is also recommended for the Government to establish cocoa board that will be responsible to supervise cocoa business in the District and the Nation at large.